摘要：通常情况表示抓住或握住某人或某动物的某一部位,且在介词by 等之后通常用定冠词 the 而不用物主代词。如:

为何示抓住或握住某人的时候有时是人有时是部位作宾语有什么不同？

1.通常情况表示抓住或握住某人或某动物的某一部位,且在介词by 等之后通常用定冠词 the 而不用物主代词。如:

Kay grasped him by the wrist.

凯紧紧抓住他的手腕。

I held the mouse by its tail. 我抓着耗子的尾巴倒提起来。

The officer grabbed him by the arm.

警察抓住了他的手臂。

She held the child by the hand.

她抓住小孩的手。

He grabbed the knife by the blade.

抓住刀刃。

She seized her by the hair.

她揪住她的头发。

He seized her by the arm.

他抓住她的胳膊。

She struck him in the face.

她掴了他一耳光。

He had been badly battered around/about the head and face.

他被打得鼻青脸肿。

He grabbed me by the arm. 他抓住我的手臂。

He led the ox by the nose.

他牵着牛的鼻子走。

He grabbed her around the middle.

他拦腰抱住她。

All of a sudden someone grabbed me around the neck.

猛不防有人抓住了我的脖子。

She hit him on the head with her umbrella.

她用雨伞打他的头。

I slapped him hard across the face

我重重地掴了他一记耳光。

Mike kept snatching him up by the collar and jerking him up

迈克一直揪着他的领子把他往上猛举。

He then held the man in an armlock until Police arrived.

然后他反扭住那名男子的手臂让他动弹不得，直到警察赶到。

Police at the scene said Dr Mahgoub had been hit several times in the head.

现场的警察称马哈古卜医生的头部遭到了几次击打。

She patted the dog on the head. 她轻轻地拍着狗的头。

A large middle-aged lady slapped me on the back and said 'Nice to see you again.'

一位身材高大的中年女士拍了拍我的后背说：“很高兴再次见到你。”

'Congratulations!' he said, slapping me on the back.

“祝贺你！”他拍着我的背说。

2.特殊情况

有时也可以直接用人的部位作“抓”或“握”的宾语,但强调重点不同:若以人作宾语，后接 by短语，强调动作的直接目的在于人，by短语只是说明动作的方式;若以人的部位作宾语，则强调动作的直接目的在于部位而不在于人。比如:当我们抓住坏人时，我们可以说,

I seized the man by the hand. 我抓住那个人的手。（侧重点是抓住了人。）

因为这时动作的直接目的在干抓人，只是以by the hand作为抓的方式。但是当我们要同客人握手时，则通常说:

I seized his hand and shook it heartily.

我抓住他的手，热情地握手。

He grasped my hand and shook it warmly.

他抓住我的手，热情地和我握手。

因为这里动作直接目的是要握手，而不是抓人,此时若说:

I seized him and shook his hand.就很奇怪了。

顺便说一句，与某人握手用:

shake hands with,

shake one's hand.

shake sb by the hand 均可

She grabbed the child's hand and ran.

她抓住孩子的手就跑。

He was clumsily trying to grab at Alfred's arms.

他笨手笨脚地想抓住艾尔弗雷德的手臂。

She slapped his face hard.

她狠狠给了他一个耳光。（强调被打的部位）

She slapped him hard across the face.

她狠狠给了他一个耳光。(强调被打的人)

I grab George's arm and dig my nails into his flesh

我抓住乔治的胳膊，指甲抠进了他的肉里。

He grabbed her arms and pinned them to her sides.

他抓住她的双臂，按在她的腰间。

He grabbed her arm and hustled her out of the room.

他抓住她的胳膊把她推出房间。

'Leigh,' he said seizing my arm to hold me back.

“莉，”他说着一把抓住我的胳膊把我拉了回来。

He grasped both my hands.

他紧紧抓住我的双手。

Her hand grasped my shoulder, none too gently.

她的手紧紧抓住了我的肩膀。

The girl held her father's hand tightly.

女孩紧紧地拉着她父亲的手。

来源：翅膀英语