《海洋预报》| 北部湾不同等级雾的微物理特征分析：以钦州一次海雾过程为例

摘要：利用2021年春季在钦州观测到的雾滴谱数据，分析了轻雾、大雾、浓雾和强浓雾4个等级下的微物理特征，探讨不同海雾等级下的微物理过程。结果表明：随着雾等级的增加，雾滴数浓度、液态含水量、平均直径的平均值和数浓度的最大值逐渐增大，平均直径的最大值出现在浓雾等级下；雾

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单位：

1. 广西壮族自治区气候中心, 广西南宁 530022;

2. 钦州市气象局, 广西钦州 535009

分类号：P732.2

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2025·42·第三期（9-20）

摘要：利用2021年春季在钦州观测到的雾滴谱数据，分析了轻雾、大雾、浓雾和强浓雾4个等级下的微物理特征，探讨不同海雾等级下的微物理过程。结果表明：随着雾等级的增加，雾滴数浓度、液态含水量、平均直径的平均值和数浓度的最大值逐渐增大，平均直径的最大值出现在浓雾等级下；雾滴谱呈现单调递减分布，平均谱满足Junge分布，从轻雾到强浓雾的雾滴谱谱线逐级抬升，轻雾的谱宽最窄，大雾、浓雾、强浓雾的谱宽一致，最大雾滴直径均为48.5μm；在轻雾和大雾等级下，核化和凝结增长是主要的微物理过程，各微物理特征量之间为强的正相关关系；浓雾和强浓雾等级下，雾滴的核化、凝结增长和碰并增长并存，数浓度与平均直径呈弱的负相关关系。

关键词：海雾雾等级微物理特征雾滴谱微物理相关性

Abstract：Utilizing fog droplet spectrum data observed in Qinzhou during the spring of 2021, the microphysical characteristics under four fog levels, i.e. mist, fog, dense fog, and extremely dense fog（abbreviated as exdense fog）, are analyzed to explore the microphysical processes at different sea fog levels. The results show that, along with the increase of sea fog level, the mean values of droplet number concentration, liquid water content, and average diameter, as well as the maximum value of number concentration, gradually increase, and the maximum average diameter appears at the dense fog level; The fog droplet spectrum shows a monotonically decreasing distribution, conforming to the Junge distribution. From light fog to exdense fog, the spectrum lines of the fog droplet spectrum rise step by step. The spectrum width of light fog is the narrowest, while the spectrum widths of fog, dense fog, and exdense fog are consistent, with the maximum droplet diameter being 48.5 μm. Under light fog and fog levels, nucleation and condensation growth are the main microphysical processes, with strong positive correlations among various microphysical characteristics. Under dense fog and exdense fog levels,nucleation, condensation growth, and collision-coalescence growth coexist, resulting in a weak negative correlation between number concentration and average diameter.

Key words：sea fog; fog levels; microphysical characteristics; fog droplet spectrum; microphysical correlation