慧学（3）：粗读《Unit 1 How to Write the Introduction》

摘要：在第一节中，文章讲述的是引言的结构和内容，在我们写引言的时候，通常会对过去或当前的研究做出归纳整理，并表明自己会对研究做出的贡献。在引言中，我们还需要指出研究中的特定问题，并表明与现有研究的不同。

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一、思维导图

二、内容概述

在第一节中，文章讲述的是引言的结构和内容，在我们写引言的时候，通常会对过去或当前的研究做出归纳整理，并表明自己会对研究做出的贡献。在引言中，我们还需要指出研究中的特定问题，并表明与现有研究的不同。

In Section One, the article discusses the structure and content of an introduction. When writing an introduction, we typically summarize and organize past or current research and state our own contributions to the field. Additionally, we need to identify specific research problems in the introduction and highlight how our study differs from existing ones.

在第二节中，作者通过许多案例来阐述如何构建引言模型。

In Section Two, the author elaborates on how to construct an introduction model through numerous examples.

并给出了通用引言模型的表格，第一种是确定主题的重要性来阐述研究背景，第二种是画出研究的“地图”，第三种是找出过去或当前研究中问题并提出自己的解决方法，第四种是描述全文，并用正向词语来描述提到的目标、结果、方法和结论。

A table presenting a general introduction model is also provided. The first approach is to establish the significance of the topic to elaborate on the research background. The second is to draw a "map" of the research. The third involves identifying problems in past or current research and proposing one's own solutions. The fourth is to describe the entire paper and use positive language to depict the mentioned objectives, results, methods, and conclusions.

在第三节中，作者主要阐述怎样测试和构建模型。首先举出模型的示例，来让我们理解词汇和动词时态如何与模型联系起来。再次提供了识别或确定模型组件的两组题目以供练习。

In Section Three, the author mainly explains how to test and construct the model. First, examples of the model are given to help us understand how vocabulary and verb tenses are linked to the model. Then, two sets of questions are provided for practice to identify or determine the components of the model.

在第四节中，作者提出在引言中要使用有用的单词和短语，并列出关于不同情境下可以使用的单词和短语。首先是在引言的第一句话中应该使用哪些单词或短语来凸显重要性，其次是在描述研究做的实验时可以使用哪些动词或短语，再次是提出问题或批评时可以使用哪些单词，最后是可以用哪些单词或短语来描述当前的研究，并在每张表格之后给出一些使用案例。

In Section Four, the author suggests using helpful words and phrases in the introduction and lists them for different contexts. Firstly, it covers what words or phrases to use in the first sentence of the introduction to emphasize its importance. Secondly, it presents verbs or phrases that can be used when describing the experiments conducted in the research. Thirdly, it offers words that can be employed when raising questions or offering criticisms. Lastly, it provides words and phrases to describe current research. Usage examples are given after each table.

在第五节中，作者主要写的是语言和写作技巧。第一个部分介绍了在使用动词时，应该怎样来选择时态。在大部分情况下，我们根据句子的意思来选择时态，比如说在描述过去研究的结果时，我们通常使用过去式。但我们也可以根据自己对研究的理解或希望读者理解研究的方式，灵活选择时态。

In Section Five, the author focuses on language and writing skills. The first part introduces how to choose verb tenses. In most cases, we select tenses based on the meaning of the sentence. For instance, when describing the results of past research, we usually use the past tense. However, we can also flexibly choose tenses according to our understanding of the research or how we want readers to perceive it.

第二个部分是怎样将句子和信息连接在一起，来让读者更好地理解自己所想表达的东西。句与句之间以及段与段之间的连接都非常重要，文中作者介绍了了四种方法，比如说在介绍自己所研究的东西时使用什么样的语态。作者强调良好的段落是整篇文章叙述的关键组成部分，它不仅能使读者能够更好地理解，也可以帮助自己更好地构建整个文章。

The second part is about connecting sentences and information to help readers better understand what we want to express. The connections between sentences and between paragraphs are crucial. The author introduces four methods, such as what voice to use when introducing the subject of our research. The author emphasizes that well-structured paragraphs are a key component of a coherent article. They not only enable readers to understand better but also assist us in constructing the entire paper more effectively.

在第六节中，作者总结了撰写引言的全部流程，让我们可以将前面学习过的模型，语言和写作技巧以及词汇等知识都串联起来。同时也给出了用于练习的题目及答案。

In Section Six, the author summarizes the entire process of writing an introduction, allowing us to integrate the models, language and writing skills, and vocabulary learned previously. Practice questions with answers are also provided.

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翻译：文心一言

参考资料：Science Research Writing