外研版高中英语选择性必修第二册Unit 4 Grammar—it用作形式主语

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摘要:不定式(短语)作主语时往往主语太长,句子结构不平衡,此时可用it作形式主语,把不定式(短语)放在句末。常用于下列句型中:

当动词不定式、动词-ing形式或从句作主语时,通常把它们置于句末,而用it作形式主语,放在句首。

不定式(短语)作主语时往往主语太长,句子结构不平衡,此时可用it作形式主语,把不定式(短语)放在句末。常用于下列句型中:

1. It+ is/ was+ adj. /n.+ to do sth. (不定式前可有其逻辑主语for/ of sb.)

It is difficult for the elderly specialists to find the cure for the disease in such a short time.

对于这些年迈的专家来说,在如此短的时间找到疾病的治愈方法太难了。

It’s very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真好。

It is everyone’s duty to obey the law. 遵守法律是每个人的义务。

(1)当作表语的形容词(easy、hard、difficult、important等)说明不定式行为的性质和特点时,常用“for sb.”引出不定式的逻辑主语。

(2)当作表语的形容词(kind、nice、good等)说明不定式的逻辑主语的性格和品行时,常用“of sb.”引出不定式的逻辑主语。

2. It takes sb. some time to do sth.

It took us three years to tackle the project. 我们花费三年时间才处理了这项工程。

3. It’s up to sb. to do sth.

It is up to us to help those in need. 帮助那些有困难的人是我们的责任。

有些句型中it作形式主语,真正主语为动词-ing形式:

1. It’s useless/ (of) no use/ (of) no good doing sth. 做……是徒然的/没有用的/没有益处的。

It is no use giving him some advice. =It is useless giving him some advice. 给他提建议没用。

2. It is a waste of... doing sth. 做某事是浪费……的。

It is a waste of time watching TV. 看电视是浪费时间的。

用it作形式主语代替从句的结构主要用于下列句型:

1. It be+ adj.+ that... (常用于此句型的形容词有:certain、doubtful、important、necessary、easy、strange、national等)

It is certain thatfree medical care will be given to most people in our city.

我们城市的大多数人将享受免费医疗,这是肯定的。

2. It be+n.+ that... 做……是……的(常用于此句型的名词有:pity、honour、shame、wonder等)

It’s a pity that I didn’t think of it earlier. 我没有早一点这么想真是遗憾。

3. It be+过去分词+ that... 据……(常用于本句型的过去分词有:said、announced、believed、reported、known、hoped等)

It is reported that more than twenty people were killed in that bus accident.

据报道在那次的公共汽车事故中有二十多人丧生

4. It happens/ turns (ed) out/ occurred to sb. that... 碰巧/结果是/某人突然想起……

It occurred to her that she might adopt a homeless child.

她突然想到她可以收养一个无家可归的孩子。

来源:职场tan

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