摘要：Naimi told The Associated Press, "Drinking less is a great way to be healthier." Earlier this month, U.S. Surgeon General Dr. Vive
Past research suggested drinking alcohol in moderate amounts could be good for the heart.
过去的研究表明，适量饮酒可能对心脏有益。
But a growing number of public health experts now advise people to limit alcohol intake as much as possible to improve health.
但现在越来越多的公共卫生专家建议人们尽可能限制酒精摄入以改善健康。
One of those experts is Dr. Timothy Naimi.
其中一位专家是蒂莫西·纳伊米博士。
He is with the Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research at the University of Victoria in British Columbia.
他就职于不列颠哥伦比亚省维多利亚大学的加拿大药物使用研究所。
Naimi told The Associated Press, "Drinking less is a great way to be healthier." Earlier this month, U.S. Surgeon General Dr. Vivek Murthy called for changing his agency's existing health warning on alcoholic drinks to include cancer risks.
纳伊米告诉美联社：“少喝酒是让人更健康的好方法。”本月早些时候，美国卫生局局长维韦克·穆尔蒂博士呼吁修改其所在机构在酒精饮料上的现有健康警示，增加有关患癌风险的提示。
Such a change would require approval from Congress.
这样的修改需要国会的批准。
The Surgeon General's proposed change is linked to research suggesting that drinking alcohol raises the risk of several types of cancer -- including colon, liver, breast, mouth and throat.
卫生局局长提出的这种修改与一项研究有关，该研究表明饮酒会增加患几种癌症的风险，这几种癌症包括结肠癌、肝癌、乳腺癌、口腔癌和咽喉癌。
Alcohol breaks down in the body into a substance called acetaldehyde.
酒精在体内分解为一种叫做乙醛的物质。
This chemical can damage cells and stop them from repairing themselves.
这种化学物质会损害细胞并阻止其自我修复。
The process can create conditions for cancer to grow.
这个过程可以为癌症的形成创造条件。
Naimi said estimates show thousands of U.S. deaths could be prevented each year if people followed government dietary guidelines on drinking alcohol.
纳伊米表示，据估计，如果人们遵循政府关于饮酒的膳食指南，美国每年可以避免数千人死亡。
The guidelines advise men to limit themselves to two drinks or fewer per day and women to one drink or fewer per day.
该指南建议男性每天饮酒量控制在两个标准杯或更少，女性每天饮酒量控制在一个标准杯或更少。
An example of one drink would be equal to one 12-ounce can of beer, a 5-ounce glass of wine or one serving of liquor.
例如，一个标准杯相当于12盎司的一罐啤酒，5盎司的一杯葡萄酒或一份白酒。
U.S. Surgeon General Murthy noted there are about 100,000 alcohol-related cancer cases in the United States each year.
美国卫生局局长穆尔蒂指出，美国每年大约有10万例与酒精有关的癌症病例。
And, about 20,000 alcohol-related cancer deaths are reported yearly.
每年报告约有两万例与酒精相关的癌症死亡病例。
"As you consider whether or how much to drink, keep in mind that less is better when it comes to cancer risk," Murthy wrote on the social media service X.
“当你考虑是否喝酒或喝多少酒时，请记住，就癌症风险而言，喝得越少越好，”穆尔蒂在社交媒体服务平台X上写道。
Medical experts say the idea that moderate drinking can cause health improvements, or benefits, came from imperfect studies.
医学专家表示，适度饮酒可以改善健康或有益健康的想法来自不完善的研究。
The research compared groups of people based on how much they drank, with amounts usually measured at only one point in time.
该研究根据饮酒量对不同人群进行比较，通常只在一个时间点测量饮酒量。
Since some earlier studies did not follow rules about what groups were measured, researchers say they did not effectively prove cause and effect.
由于一些早期的研究没有遵循关于测量哪些群体的规则，研究人员表示，那些研究没有有效地证明因果关系。
Naimi said people who report drinking moderately generally have higher levels of education, higher earnings and better resources for health care.
纳伊米说，称自己适度饮酒的人通常受教育程度更高，收入更高，享有的医疗资源也更好。
He explained that when those elements are considered, "The benefits tend to disappear." Another problem, Naimi noted, was that most studies did not include younger people.
他解释说，当考虑到这些因素时，“适度饮酒的好处往往就没了。”纳伊米指出，另一个问题是大多数研究没有将年轻人包含在内。
Almost half of people who die from alcohol-related causes do so before the age of 50.
近一半死于酒精相关原因的人是在50岁之前死亡。
Naimi said the studied groups did not effectively represent all drinkers.
纳伊米说，所研究的群体并不能有效地代表所有饮酒者。
This likely created "an appearance" of a benefit for moderate drinkers that is not real, he added.
他补充说，这可能给适度饮酒者带来“表面上”的好处，那并不是真的好处。
Health guidelines related to alcohol intake have wide differences from country to country.
各国关于酒精摄入的健康指南存在很大差异。
But the overall message today is that drinking less is better for health.
但今天的总体信息是，少喝酒更有益于健康。
Britain, France, Denmark, Holland and Australia recently examined new evidence and lowered their guidelines for safe amounts of alcohol.
英国、法国、丹麦、荷兰和澳大利亚最近审查了新证据，并降低了其健康指南中的安全酒精摄入量。
Ireland plans to begin requiring cancer warnings on alcohol containers starting in 2026.
爱尔兰计划从2026年开始要求酒精容器上贴有患癌警告。
Carina Ferreira-Borges is an adviser on alcohol for the World Health Organization in Europe.
卡琳娜·费雷拉-博尔赫斯是世界卫生组织欧洲地区的酒精问题顾问。
She said scientists had changed their minds from earlier research.
她说科学家们已经改变了自己对早期研究的看法。
This is because more recent studies suggest drinking alcohol is linked "to over 200 health conditions, including cancers, cardiovascular diseases and injuries." Naimi said, "The simple message that's best supported by the evidence is that, if you drink, less is better when it comes to health." I'm Andrew Smith.
这是因为新近的研究表明，饮酒与“200多种健康状况有关，包括癌症、心血管疾病和损伤。”纳伊米说：“最受证据支持的简单信息是，如果你喝酒，就健康状况而言，酒精摄入越少越健康。”安德鲁·史密斯为您播报。
来源：英语东