摘要:非延续性动词,也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。以下是一些常见非延续性动词的详解及双语例句:
非延续性动词,也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。以下是一些常见非延续性动词的详解及双语例句:
open(打开)
- He opened the door quickly.(他快速地打开了门。)
- The shop opens at 9 o'clock.(商店9点开门。)
die(死亡)
- His grandfather died two years ago.(他的祖父两年前去世了。)
- The little bird died yesterday.(这只小鸟昨天死了。)
close(关闭)
- She closed the window before going to bed.(她睡觉前关上了窗户。)
- The library closes at 5 p.m.(图书馆下午5点关门。)
begin/start(开始)
- The meeting began/started at 8 o'clock.(会议8点开始。)
- Classes begin/start in September.(课程在9月开始。)
finish/end(结束)
- He finished/ended his homework quickly.(他很快完成了作业。)
- The movie finished/ended at 10 o'clock.(电影10点结束。)
come(来)
- She came to school by bike this morning.(她今天早上骑自行车来学校。)
- My friend will come to see me tomorrow.(我的朋友明天会来看我。)
go(去)
- He went to the park yesterday.(他昨天去了公园。)
- They will go to Beijing next week.(他们下周将去北京。)
arrive/reach/get to(到达)
- I arrived at the station at 6 o'clock.(我6点到达车站。)
- She reached the top of the mountain.(她到达了山顶。)
- He got to school late this morning.(他今天早上上学迟到了。)
leave(离开)
- He left home at 7 o'clock.(他7点离开家。)
- The train left at 9 o'clock.(火车9点离开。)
borrow(借入)
- I borrowed a book from the library yesterday.(我昨天从图书馆借了一本书。)
- He borrowed some money from his friend.(他向他的朋友借了一些钱。)
lend(借出)
- She lent her bike to me.(她把她的自行车借给了我。)
- He lent his pen to his classmate.(他把他的钢笔借给了他的同学。)
buy(买)
- I bought a new dress yesterday.(我昨天买了一条新裙子。)
- My mother bought some apples in the supermarket.(我妈妈在超市买了一些苹果。)
非延续性动词在英语中的常见考点如下:
时态搭配
- 非延续性动词可用于一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等多种时态。如:The plane takes off at 9 o'clock.(一般现在时表将来);He left yesterday.(一般过去时)。
- 但在现在完成时中,非延续性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语如“for + 时间段”“since + 时间点”连用。例如不能说“I have bought this book for two weeks.”,应改为“I bought this book two weeks ago.”或“It is two weeks since I bought this book.”。
与延续性动词的转换
在与表示一段时间的状语连用时,非延续性动词要转换为相应的延续性动词或状态动词。如:begin/start→be on;die→be dead;open→be open;close→be closed;borrow→keep;buy→have等。例如:The film has been on for ten minutes.(不能用has begun)
被动语态
非延续性动词可以用于被动语态。如:The door was closed by him.(门被他关上了。)
固定句型
- 在“It is/has been + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时从句”句型中,since从句中的谓语动词常用非延续性动词。如:It is three years since he left here.(他离开这里已经三年了。)
- 在“not...until”句型中,主句中的谓语动词常为非延续性动词。如:He didn't leave until his mother came back.(直到他妈妈回来他才离开。)
非延续性动词在英语考试中的易错点主要有以下几个方面:
完成时态中与时间状语的搭配
- 考生易误将非延续性动词与“for + 时间段”“since + 时间点”等表示一段时间的状语直接连用。如会出现“I have joined the club for two years.”这样的错误,应改为“I have been in the club for two years.”。
- 在现在完成时的特殊疑问句中,以how long提问时,不能用非延续性动词。例如不能说“How long have you borrowed the book?”,而应说“How long have you kept the book?”。
与延续性动词的转换
- 不清楚非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换规则,在需要表达动作持续一段时间时,不能正确转换。如把“他入党三年了。”翻译为“He has joined the Party for three years.”,正确的是“He has been a member of the Party for three years.”或“He has been in the Party for three years.”。
- 在选择填空或句型转换等题型中,不能准确判断何时该用非延续性动词,何时该用其对应的延续性动词。
上下文语境中的用法
- 在一些语境中,需要根据动作的实际情况选择非延续性动词或延续性动词,考生可能会忽略语境而选错。例如:“I ______ (wait) for you for two hours. Where have you been?”,这里根据“for two hours”可知要用延续性动词“have waited”,而不是非延续性动词“waited”。
- 在复合句中,尤其是在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,不能根据主从句的时态要求正确使用非延续性动词。如在“as soon as”引导的从句中,若主句是一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时表将来,且要注意动词的延续性与非延续性。例如:I will tell him the news as soon as he ______ (come) back. 这里应填“comes”,不能因为前面有“will”就用“will come”,同时要知道“come”是非延续性动词,在此处符合语境。
非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换规则如下:
转换为“be + 形容词/副词/介词短语”结构
- 表动作起止:begin/start(开始)→be on(表示活动、会议等在进行中);finish/end(结束)→be over;open(打开)→be open(表示状态,意为“开着的”);close(关闭)→be closed(表示状态,意为“关着的”)。
- 表位置移动:come(来)→be here/there(在这儿/那儿);go(去)→be there(在那儿);arrive/reach/get to(到达)→be in/at(在……里面/在……地点);leave(离开)→be away(from)(离开……)。
转换为“have/has + 过去分词”结构
- 表拥有或持有:borrow(借入)→keep(保存,持有);buy(买)→have(拥有)。
转换为其他延续性动词
- 表状态变化:become(成为)→be;get up(起床)→be up(表示起床后的状态);fall asleep(入睡)→be asleep;die(死亡)→be dead。
这些转换规则需要结合具体语境和句子时态来正确运用,以准确表达动作的延续性。
来源:蒙古元素