摘要:英语中的不定式的结构为:to+动词原形(有时to可省略),在句子中可充当多种成分。
英语中的不定式的结构为:to+动词原形(有时to可省略),在句子中可充当多种成分。
动词不定式作主语时,通常放在句首。
例句:
To learn a new skill takes time.
(学一门新技术需要时间。)
但有时也可用形式主语 it 替代,使句子平衡。
It’s important to study hard.
(努力学习很重要。)
不定式跟在及物动词后作宾语,这类动词常见的有:
例句:She wants to go to school.
(她想去学校。)
They pretend to be his parents.
(他们假装是他的父母。)
注意:
某些动词(如think, find, feel)可接 it 作形式宾语,动词不定式为真正宾语:
I find it hard to finish the task. (我发现很难完成这个任务。)
动词不定式位于系动词(如be, seem, appear)后,说明主语的内容或目的。
例句:
My goal is to become a farmer.
(我的目标是成为一名农民。)
His plan seems to be failing.
(他的计划似乎在失败。)
不定式修饰名词或代词,置于被修饰词之后,与被修饰词常有逻辑上的动宾关系。
例句:
I have an email to write.
(她需要一个可以聊天的人。)
动词不定式作状语,可表示目的、结果、原因、条件等。
目的状语:
He studied hard to attend a Double First-Class university.
(他努力学习为了去双一流大学。)
可加 in order to/so as to 强调目的:
He got up early in order to pick up his girl friend.
(他早起为了接他的女朋友。)
结果状语:
常用结构:too...to...(太…… 而不能……)或 enough...to...(足够…… 去……)
The bag is too heavy to carry.
(书包太重,搬不动。)
She is old enough to get married.
(她足够大,可以结婚了。)
原因状语:
I’m sad to hear the news.
(听到这个消息我很伤心。)
不定式补充说明宾语的动作或状态,分为两种情况:
带 to 的不定式:
常见动词:ask, tell, want, allow, advise等。
The teacher told us to go to school on Sunday.
(老师让我们周日上学。)
不带 to 的不定式:
感官动词(see, hear, watch, feel)和使役动词(let, make, have)后省略 to。
I saw him beat his mother.
被动语态中需还原 to:
来源:安行学堂一点号