摘要：chiguy writes:In October, a jury in a federal class-action lawsuit returned a verdict that found Cognizant intentionally discrimin

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chiguy writes:
In October, a jury in a federal class-action lawsuit returned a verdict that found Cognizant intentionally discriminated against more than 2,000 non-Indian employees between 2013 and 2022.

今年 10 月，在一起联邦集体诉讼案中，陪审团做出判决，认定 Cognizant （高知特）在 2013 年至 2022 年期间故意歧视 2000 多名非印第安人员工。

The verdict, which echoed a previously undisclosed finding from a 2020 US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission investigation, centered on discrimination claims based on race and national origin.

该判决与美国平等就业机会委员会 2020 年调查中一项此前未披露的调查结果相呼应，主要涉及基于种族和民族血统的歧视指控。

Cognizant, based in Teaneck, New Jersey, was found to have preferred workers from India, most of whom joined the firm's US workforce of about 32,000 using skilled-worker visas called H-1Bs.

总部位于新泽西州蒂内克的 Cognizant （高知特）公司被发现偏好来自印度的工人，其中大部分人都是通过名为 H-1B(美国特殊专业人员/临时工作签证) 的技术工人签证加入该公司在美国的约 32000 名员工队伍的。

The case is part of a wave of recent discrimination claims against IT outsourcing companies that underscore growing concerns that these firms have exploited a broken employment-visa system to secure a cheaper, more malleable workforce.

该案是近期针对 IT 外包公司的歧视索赔浪潮的一部分，凸显出人们越来越担心这些公司利用残缺不全的就业签证制度来获得更廉价、更具可塑性的劳动力。

In the process, US workers say they've been disadvantaged.

在这个过程中，美国工人说他们处于不利地位。

The industry, which provides computer services to other companies, makes extensive use of H-1Bs; over the past decade and a half, no employer has obtained more of them than Cognizant, federal records show.

该行业为其他公司提供计算机服务，广泛使用 H-1B签证；联邦记录显示，在过去十五年中，没有雇主比 Cognizant （高知特）获得更多的 H-1B 签证。

by Joe_Dragon ( 2206452 ) on Monday December 09, 2024 @05:02PM (#65001953)
can't find USC willing work 80 hours for low pay.

找不到愿意为低工资工作 80 小时的美国工人。
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also they can deport the H-1Bs if they speak up about any labor issues.

此外，如果 H-1B 说出任何劳工问题，他们就会被驱逐出境。

by gweihir ( 88907 ) on Monday December 09, 2024 @05:19PM (#65001989)
On the other hand, they would probably just move the major part of their operation abroad if they did not have H1Bs. That would be worse.

另一方面，如果没有 H1B，他们可能会把主要业务转移到国外。那就更糟了。

by data oyster ( 10309165 ) on Monday December 09, 2024 @06:41PM (#65002149)
One of the selling points of globalism is that programmers can be in time zones around the world, around the clock, at least it was.

全球化的卖点之一是程序员可以全天候地在世界各地的时区工作，至少以前是这样。

But what do you call a CEO whose lips are moving?

但你怎么称呼一个只会动嘴的首席执行官呢？

by Darinbob ( 1142669 ) on Monday December 09, 2024 @10:30PM (#65002489)
That hurts a lot of companies if they move, because their clients are American or European, and they tend to like "local" companies.

如果公司搬迁，会对很多公司造成伤害，因为他们的客户都是美国人或欧洲人，他们往往喜欢 “本地 ”公司。

If they supply consultants or contractors, they'd better be local also.

如果他们提供顾问或承包商，最好也是本地的。

There are plenty of cheaper offshore sites anyway, one more new one will have troubles fitting in (especially if they have Americaqn or European execs).

反正已经有很多更便宜的离岸网站了，再多一个新的很难融入（尤其是如果他们有美国或欧洲的高管）。

by Baron_Yam on Monday December 09, 2024 @05:04PM (#65001955)
I mean... we all knew this. It was common sense.

我是说......我们都知道这一点。这是常识。

It wasn't that there weren't Americans to do the jobs, just not ones who would do it for as little as someone dealing with Indian cost-of-living over American.

问题并不是没有美国人来做这些工作，而是没有美国人愿意以接近印度生活成本的低工资来做这些工作。

The whole program was to reduce costs, not to supply workers because there weren't enough of them.

整个计划是为了降低成本，而不是为了提供工人，因为没有足够的工人。

The surprising part is that enough people in positions that mattered were willing to let this go to court in the first place, and that they weren't able to put up a more successful veneer of plausibility to defend it in court.

令人惊讶的是，首先有足够多的关键职位上的人愿意让这件事上法庭,而且他们还没能在法庭上为这件事辩护出更成功的貌似合理的外衣。

by dgatwood ( 11270 ) on Monday December 09, 2024 @05:26PM (#65002001) Homepage Journal
There are actually companies that use H-1B visas legitimately, largely because other visas are so much harder to get, and there legitimately aren't enough programmers in the U.S.

实际上，有些公司使用 H-1B 签证是合法的，这主要是因为其他签证太难申请了，而美国的程序员又确实不够用。
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The harder you make it to get H-1B visas, the more they'll outsource that labor to outsourcing firms operating in those other countries, because that's even cheaper.

你越难申请到 H-1B 签证，他们就越会把劳动力外包给在其他国家运营的外包公司，因为那样更便宜。

The problem is that there's a middle ground between not using H-1B visas and using them correctly —

问题是，在不使用 H-1B 签证和正确使用 H-1B 签证之间存在着一个中间地带--

companies like Cognizant and a bunch of others who pretty much everybody in the tech industry can name, but we won't out of respect for our colleagues who are stuck working there —

像 Cognizant （高知特）这样的公司和其他一些公司，几乎所有科技行业的人都能说出它们的名字，但出于对在那里工作的同事的尊重，我们就不说了-

where companies exploit the H-1B process to get cheap labor for other companies and then underpay their employees, give them poor benefits, or otherwise treat them in ways that other, more job-portable workers would not tolerate.

一些公司利用H-1B签证流程为其他公司获取廉价劳动力，然后以低工资雇佣员工，提供较差的福利，或以其他方式对待他们，而这些做法是其他拥有更多就业选择的员工无法容忍的。

Changing the visa rules by increasing the 60-day grace period after losing a job, eliminating the requirement that new employers go through the whole H-1B process again whenever you change jobs (or greatly streamlining the process so that the employee can self-file and just provide proof of employment), etc.

改变签证规则，增加失业后 60 天的宽限期，取消新雇主在你更换工作时必须重新走一遍 H-1B 流程的要求（或大大简化流程，让雇员可以自行申请，只需提供工作证明），等等，
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would go a long way towards making that abuse impossible by making it easier for H-1B employees to dump bad employers.

这些都将大大有助于 H-1B 雇员甩掉坏雇主，从而使这种滥用现象不再发生。

And by making it easier for those employees to leave those employers, it would reduce the incentive for those employers to treat those employees badly and would encourage them to clean up their act.

而且，通过让这些雇员更容易离开这些雇主，也会减少这些雇主虐待这些雇员的动机，并鼓励他们改正自己的行为。

Of course, this probably won't happen, because those companies pay politicians' campaign committees to not notice what they're doing, but that's a bigger problem.

当然，这种情况可能不会发生，因为这些公司会付钱给政客的竞选委员会，让他们不要注意到这些公司的所作所为，但这是一个更大的问题。

by AntronArgaiv ( 4043705 ) on Monday December 09, 2024 @05:48PM (#65002051)
and there legitimately aren't enough programmers in the U.S.

美国确实没有足够的程序员。

Citation required. I suspect there aren't many programmers willing to put up with the BS companies give H-1B workers, but I think there are plenty of programmers.

需要引进。我怀疑很少有程序员愿意忍受公司对H-1B工人的不公待遇，但我认为仍然有很多程序员愿意接受这些工作。

You just need to pay them a living wage. And make it so that you don't have to mortgage your life to afford a CS degree.

你只需要付给他们生活工资。这样，你就不必为获得一个 CS （计算机科学）学位而抵押自己的生活了。
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by dgatwood ( 11270 ) on Monday December 09, 2024 @06:28PM (#65002129) Homepage Journal
It's not just companies offering crap wages who can't find workers.

找不到工人的不仅仅是工资低的公司。
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The company where I work often struggles to hire programmers despite paying relatively good, market-competitive wages,

我所在的公司尽管支付了相对较好、具有市场竞争力的工资，

and has a horde of people on various visas, precisely because there aren't enough home-grown programmers in the U.S. to meet demand.

但仍经常难以招到程序员，而且有一大群人持各种签证，这正是因为美国本土没有足够的程序员来满足需求。

The U.S. has about 4.19 million programmer jobs right now.

美国目前约有 419 万个程序员职位。

In 2023, there were 112,720 people who graduated with a CS degree or similar degree in the United States.

2023 年，美国有 112,720 人毕业于 CS（计算机专业） 学位或类似学位。

If that number were constant, you'd need to have 37 years of CS grads to fill the available jobs, and you'd barely break even with folks taking early retirement, dying, going on maternity/paternity leave, etc.

如果这个数字保持不变，你需要有 37 年的 CS（计算机专业） 毕业生才能填补现有的工作岗位，再加上提前退休、死亡、休产假/陪产假等因素，你才能勉强达到收支平衡。

Unfortunately, the graduation rate hasn't been constant.

不幸的是，毕业率并不稳定。

In the year 2000, there were only about 50k CS grads.

2000 年，只有约 5 万名 CS （计算机专业）专业毕业生。

From the year 1970 through 2011, there were cumulatively just 1,149,371 grads in CS-related fields (source [ed.gov]), and even if you naïvely assume that there were 112,720 in 2012 through 2024 (for which I don't have numbers), that only gets you 2,614,731.

从 1970 年到 2011 年，CS 相关专业的毕业生累计只有 1,149,371 人（数据来源[ed.gov]），即使天真地假设 2012 年到 2024 年有 112,720 人（我没有这方面的数据），也只有 2,614,731 人。

In 1970, there were just 2,388 grads in cs-related fields.

1970 年，CS 相关专业的毕业生只有 2388 人。

If we naïvely assume that number was constant prior to that, then every computer science graduate would need to still be alive and employed beginning with the ones who graduated college in the year 1310.

如果我们天真地假设这一数字在此之前是不变的，那么从 1310 年大学毕业的学生开始，每一个计算机科学专业的毕业生都需要活着并就业。

I mean talk about a high retirement age. :-D

我是说退休年龄太高了。

And although you're right that you don't *have* to have a CS degree to be a programmer, the reality is that about 72% of programmers do have a degree in CS or a closely related field.

虽然你说的没错，成为程序员并不一定要有计算机科学学位，但现实情况是，大约 72% 的程序员确实拥有计算机科学或相关专业的学位。

There have been somewhere between about 2 million and 2.6 million grads in CS-related fields since 1970.

自1970年以来，大约有200万到260万CS相关专业的毕业生。

So even if you assume a retirement age of 75+ (which is unrealistic in a high-paying field), you would still need about half of all programmers to not have CS degrees if you want enough home-grown programmers to meet our current needs without bringing people in from other countries.

因此，即使假设退休年龄为 75 岁以上（这在高薪领域是不现实的），如果想在不从其他国家引进人才的情况下培养足够的本土程序员来满足我们当前的需求，仍需要约一半的程序员没有 CS 学位。

We're not just a little bit short on programmers. We're short by about a million programmers, or about one quarter of the workforce.

我们不只是缺少一点程序员。我们缺少约一百万名程序员，约占劳动力的四分之一。

来源：龙腾网看世界