摘要：as well as和as well的认知焦点

【例句1】He baked chocolate cake as well as cookies. (他烤了巧克力蛋糕和饼干。) [剑桥高级学者辞典]

【例句2】We need to think about the timing as well as the cost. （我们需要考虑时间和成本。 ）[剑桥高级学者辞典]

上面两个例句中的as well as被翻译成“和”了，但“和”的更到位的表达是and, 如

【例句1A】He baked chocolate cake and cookies. (他烤了巧克力蛋糕和饼干。) [剑桥高级学者辞典]

【例句2A】We need to think about the timing and cost. （我们需要考虑时间和成本。 ）[剑桥高级学者辞典]

【例句1A】中cake和cookies, 【例句2A】中timing和cost，他们顺序的可以交换，这是连词and连接的两个对象的认知显著性差不多(其实在前面的还是稍稍显著)。

若将【例句1】的cake和cookies互换，则语法没问题，但认知焦点就变了。原句的cake在主干句中，其认知显著性明显高于介词短语后面的cookies。你可以删去as well as cookies，句子也能顺下去，但若删去cake, 那么句子就不完整了。

【例句2】的the time和the cost也有相同的规律。

再比如下面两句中动名词短语，其认知重要性肯定低于主干句的。

【例句3】She is a talented musician as well as being a photographer. (她不仅是一名摄影师，还是一位才华横溢的音乐家。)[牛津高级学者辞典]

【例句4】The organization gives help and support to people in need, as well as raising money for local charities.（该组织为有需要的人提供帮助和支持，并为当地慈善机构筹集资金。） [朗文当代英语词典]

【例句1】和【例句2】也可以改成（虽然被改得啰嗦了，但为了说明问题），

【例句1B】He baked cookies. He baked chocolate cake as well. (他烤了饼干。他也烤了巧克力蛋糕。)

【例句2B】We need to think about the cost. We need to think the timing as well.（ 我们需要考虑成本。我们也需要考虑时机。）

如果两个例句都只有后一句，那么cake和the timing是认知焦点，而as well所基于的cookies和the cost都被省略了(不想分散注意力而被省掉)。

若有前一句，则认知是前一句是认知重点，而带as well的后一句是补充句，其认知显著性要弱于前一句。也就是【例句1B】的cookies和【例句2B】的the cost更重要。

as well as，何时在英语中使用，尚不清楚。有人说可能早到古英语时期。as well于15实际末期才出现，应是对as well as的截短。

请您自行分析下句：

【例句5】Do you want potatoes as well as rice, or instead of rice? (你既要米饭，也要土豆，还是要米饭？)[剑桥高级学者辞典]

来源：小云课堂