摘要：唐纳德·特朗普总统在华盛顿时间25日表示，自10月1日起，他将对进口药品征收100%的进口税，对橱柜和浴室洗手台征收50%的进口税，对布艺家具征收30%的进口税，对重型卡车征收25%的进口税。
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美国最大的连锁药店品牌CVS
一、特朗普宣布从10月1日起对药品、家具和重型卡车加征关税
美联社2025年9月26日报道，唐纳德·特朗普总统在华盛顿时间25日表示，自10月1日起，他将对进口药品征收100%的进口税，对橱柜和浴室洗手台征收50%的进口税，对布艺家具征收30%的进口税，对重型卡车征收25%的进口税。
他在社交媒体上的帖子显示，特朗普对关税的执着并未随着8月推出的贸易框架和进口税而结束，这反映出他相信，税收有助于减少政府预算赤字，同时促进国内制造业发展。
尽管特朗普没有为这些关税提供法律依据，但他在“真相社交”平台上表示，对进口厨柜和沙发征税是“出于国家安全及其他原因”的需要，这似乎超出了他作为总司令的职权范围。
根据1962年《贸易扩展法》，政府于4月启动了232条款调查，评估药品和卡车进口对国家安全的影响。美国商务部于3月对木材和锯材启动了232条款调查，但目前尚不清楚家具关税是否源于该调查。
对全球加税导致美国消费价格上涨
二、关税战导致美就业疲软、通胀上升，消费下降，但特朗普拒不承认
对于股市表现稳健但就业前景疲软、通胀居高不下的美国经济而言，这些关税又增添了一份不确定性。这些新的进口税可能会以涨价的形式转嫁给消费者，并抑制招聘。经济数据表明，这一过程已经开始。
美国联邦储备委员会主席杰罗姆·鲍威尔在最近的新闻发布会上警告称：“我们已开始看到商品价格上涨传导至更高的通胀水平。”他还补充说，商品成本上升占今年通胀水平涨幅的“大部分”，甚至可能是“全部”。
总统已向鲍威尔施压，要求其辞职，称由于通胀已不再是问题，美联储应更激进地降低基准利率。但由于关税带来的不确定性，美联储官员对降息持谨慎态度。
特朗普在“真相社交”上表示，药品关税不适用于正在美国建设制造工厂的企业，他将此类企业定义为“已破土动工”或“正在建设中”的企业。目前尚不清楚该关税将如何适用于已在美国设有工厂的企业。
美国人口普查局数据显示，2024年美国进口的药品和医药产品总额近2330亿美元。部分药品价格可能翻倍的前景可能会引发选民强烈反响，因为医疗保健支出以及联邦医疗保险和医疗补助的成本都可能随之上升。
此次药品关税的宣布令人震惊，因为特朗普此前曾表示，关税将逐步实施，以便企业有时间建厂并转移生产。今年8月，特朗普在CNBC节目中称，他将首先对药品征收“小额关税”，并在一年或更长时间内将税率提高至150%，甚至250%。
白宫表示，今年早些时候的关税威胁促使强生、阿斯利康、罗氏、百时美施贵宝和礼来等多家大型制药公司宣布对美国生产进行投资。
加拿大商会战略政策与供应链副总裁帕斯卡尔·陈警告称，这些关税可能会损害美国人的健康，导致“药品价格立即上涨、保险体系承压、医院药品短缺，且患者确实存在限量使用或放弃必需药品的风险”。
在住房短缺与高抵押贷款利率叠加导致许多购房者望而却步之际，针对橱柜的新关税可能会进一步增加房屋建筑商的成本。美国全国房地产经纪人协会9月25日表示，随着8月待售房源同比增加11.7%，有迹象表明房价压力正在缓解，但现有房屋的中位数价格仍为422,600美元。
特朗普表示，外国制造的重型卡车及零部件正在损害美国国内生产商的利益，这些生产商需要得到保护。
特朗普发帖称：“彼得比尔特、肯沃思、福莱纳、麦克卡车等大型卡车制造商将受到保护，免受外部干扰的冲击。”
特朗普长期以来一直认为，关税是迫使企业加大对美国国内工厂投资的关键。对于进口商将把大部分税收成本以涨价形式转嫁给消费者和企业的担忧，他不予理会。
他更广泛的全球关税政策依据1977年一项法律宣布经济紧急状态而实施，这一大幅加税举措已被两家联邦法院裁定超出了特朗普作为总统的职权范围。美国最高法院目前定于11月审理此案。
尽管有相反证据，但特朗普总统仍坚持声称通胀已不再是美国经济的挑战。过去12个月，消费者价格指数上涨了2.9%，高于4月特朗普首次推出一系列全面进口税时2.3%的年涨幅。
也没有证据表明关税正在创造工厂就业机会或推动更多制造设施的建设。美国劳工统计局数据显示，自4月以来，制造业已削减42,000个工作岗位，建筑业裁员8,000人。
但特朗普9月25日告诉记者：“不存在通胀，我们正取得令人难以置信的成功。”
不过，特朗普也承认，他对中国征收的关税损害了美国农民的利益，他们失去了大豆销售市场。总统9月25日还单独承诺，将把关税收入拨给受贸易冲突影响的农民，就像他在2018年和2019年第一任期内所做的那样。当时他的关税政策引发了对美国农业部门的报复。
美国最大的家具连锁品牌家得宝销售的不少商品从中国进口
三、新关税将给哪类中国企业的出口带来负面影响
总体看，特朗普宣布的新关税将对相关中国出口企业产生不同程度冲击。首先，药品企业面临最严峻挑战，如被加征100%的关税，几乎会阻断药品的对美出口路径，高度依赖美国市场的药企将遭受重创。其次，家具制造商目前的平均利润率仅10%-15%，如不涨价将难以消化新增的30%关税压力，如涨价将有可能进一步失去美国市场。第三，虽然对美出口仅占中国重型卡车对外出口的3%-12%，但新增的25%关税仍将会对重卡企业的对美国出口带来一定压力。
Trump to put import taxes on pharmaceutical drugs, kitchen cabinets, furniture and heavy trucks. By JOSH BOAK on AP from WASHINGTON. September 26, 2025.
President Donald Trump said Thursday that he will put import taxes of 100% on pharmaceutical drugs, 50% on kitchen cabinets and bathroom vanities, 30% on upholstered furniture and 25% on heavy trucks starting on Oct. 1.
The posts on his social media site showed that Trump’s devotion to tariffs did not end with the trade frameworks and import taxes that were launched in August, a reflection of the president’s confidence that taxes will help to reduce the government’s budget deficit while increasing domestic manufacturing.
While Trump did not provide a legal justification for the tariffs, he appeared to stretch the bounds of his role as commander-in-chief by stating on Truth Social that the taxes on imported kitchen cabinets and sofas were needed “for National Security and other reasons.”
Under the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, the administration launched a Section 232 investigation in April about the impacts on national security from pharmaceutical drug and truck imports. The Commerce Department launched a 232 investigation into timber and lumber in March, though it’s unclear whether the furniture tariffs stem from that.
The tariffs are another dose of uncertainty for the U.S. economy with a solid stock market but a weakening outlook for jobs and elevated inflation. These new taxes on imports could pass through to consumers in the form of higher prices and dampen hiring, a process that economic data suggests is already underway.
“We have begun to see goods prices showing through into higher inflation,” Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell warned in a recent news conference, adding that higher costs for goods account for “most” or potentially “all” of the increase in inflation levels this year.
The president has pressured Powell to resign, arguing that the Fed should cut its benchmark interest rates more aggressively because inflation is no longer a concern. Fed officials have stayed cautious on rate cuts because of the uncertainty created by tariffs.
Trump said on Truth Social that the pharmaceutical tariffs would not apply to companies that are building manufacturing plants in the United States, which he defined as either “breaking ground” or being “under construction.” It was unclear how the tariffs would apply to companies that already have factories in the U.S.
In 2024, America imported nearly $233 billion in pharmaceutical and medicinal products, according to the Census Bureau. The prospect of prices doubling for some medicines could send shock waves to voters as health care expenses, as well as the costs of Medicare and Medicaid, potentially increase.
The pharmaceutical drug announcement was shocking as Trump has previously suggested that tariffs would be phased in over time so that companies had time to build factories and relocate production. On CNBC in August, Trump said he would start by charging a “small tariff” on pharmaceuticals and raise the rate over a year or more to 150% and even 250%.
According to the White House, the threat of tariffs earlier this year contributed to many major pharmaceutical companies, including Johnson & Johnson, AstraZeneca, Roche, Bristol Myers Squibb and Eli Lilly, among others, to announce investments in U.S. production.
Pascal Chan, vice president for strategic policy and supply chains at the Canadian Chamber of Commerce, warned that the tariffs could harm Americans’ health with “immediate price hikes, strained insurance systems, hospital shortages, and the real risk of patients rationing or foregoing essential medicines.”
The new tariffs on cabinetry could further increase the costs for homebuilders at a time when many people seeking to buy a house feel priced out by the mix of housing shortages and high mortgage rates. The National Association of Realtors on Thursday said there were signs of price pressures easing as sales listings increased 11.7% in August from a year ago, but the median price for an existing home was $422,600.
Trump said that foreign-made heavy trucks and parts are hurting domestic producers that need to be defended.
“Large Truck Company Manufacturers, such as Peterbilt, Kenworth, Freightliner, Mack Trucks, and others, will be protected from the onslaught of outside interruptions,” Trump posted.
Trump has long maintained that tariffs are the key to forcing companies to invest more in domestic factories. He has dismissed fears that importers would simply pass along much of the cost of the taxes to consumers and businesses in the form of higher prices.
His broader country-by-country tariffs relied on declaring an economic emergency based on a 1977 law, a drastic tax hike that two federal courts said exceeded Trump’s authority as president. The Supreme Court is set to hear the case in November.
The president continues to claim that inflation is no longer a challenge for the U.S. economy, despite evidence to the contrary. The consumer price index has increased 2.9% over the past 12 months, up from an annual pace of 2.3% in April, when Trump first launched a sweeping set of import taxes.
Nor is there evidence that the tariffs are creating factory jobs or more construction of manufacturing facilities. Since April, the Bureau of Labor Statistics has reported that manufacturers cut 42,000 jobs and builders have downsized by 8,000.
“There’s no inflation,” Trump told reporters Thursday. “We’re having unbelievable success.”
Still, Trump also acknowledged that his tariffs against China had hurt American farmers, who lost out on sales of soybeans. The president separately promised on Thursday to divert tariff revenues to the farmers hurt by the conflict, just as he did during his first term in 2018 and 2019 when his tariffs led to retaliation against the agricultural sector.
来源：读行品世事一点号
