栋察宇宙（三十）：Flexsim入门

摘要：FlexSim是一款基于离散事件仿真的工业级建模工具，广泛应用于物流仓储、生产制造、供应链等场景，通过可视化仿真还原系统运行流程，助力优化决策。掌握其核心概念与基础操作，是构建精准仿真模型的关键。

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“栋察宇宙（三十）：Flexsim入门”。

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Today, the editor brings the "FlexSim Basics: A Guide to Simulation Modeling from Fundamentals to Practice".

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思维导图

MindMapping

FlexSim是一款基于离散事件仿真的工业级建模工具，广泛应用于物流仓储、生产制造、供应链等场景，通过可视化仿真还原系统运行流程，助力优化决策。掌握其核心概念与基础操作，是构建精准仿真模型的关键。

FlexSim is an industrial-grade modeling tool based on discrete event simulation, widely used in scenarios such as logistics warehousing, manufacturing, and supply chains. It restores system operation processes through visual simulation to support optimized decision-making. Mastering its core concepts and basic operations is crucial for building accurate simulation models.

核心概念与界面初识

Core Concepts and Initial Interface Introduction

1. 核心基础概念

1. Core Fundamental Concepts

离散事件：系统状态随“事件”触发而变化（如“货物到达”“设备完成加工”），是FlexSim仿真的核心驱动逻辑。

Discrete Events: The system state changes with the triggering of "events" (such as "goods arrival" and "equipment completion of processing"), which is the core driving logic of FlexSim simulation.

实体（Entity）：仿真中的基本对象，包括代表“货物”的`Flowitem`、执行操作的`Fixed Resource`（如机器、货架）、控制路径的`Network Node`（如端口、路径点）。

Entities: Basic objects in simulation, including `Flowitem` representing "goods", `Fixed Resource` (such as machines and shelves) for performing operations, and `Network Node` (such as ports and waypoints) for controlling paths.

流程逻辑：实体在系统中的移动、处理规则，通过“触发器（Trigger）”或“流程线（Connection）”定义。

Process Logic: The movement and processing rules of entities in the system, defined by "Triggers" or "Connections".

时间与统计：仿真时间轴与数据统计模块，自动记录设备利用率、任务完成时间等关键指标，用于后续分析。

Time and Statistics: The simulation timeline and data statistics module automatically record key indicators such as equipment utilization and task completion time for subsequent analysis.

2. 主界面布局

2. Main Interface Layout

工具栏：包含模型新建、保存、运行控制（播放/暂停/重置）、速度调节等基础功能按钮。

Toolbar: Contains basic function buttons such as creating a new model, saving, running control (play/pause/reset), and speed adjustment.

库面板（Library）：左侧核心面板，分类提供实体模板（如`Processor`加工机、`Conveyor`传送带、`Queue`队列），拖拽即可添加到模型视图。

Library Panel: The core panel on the left, which provides entity templates by category (such as `Processor` machines, `Conveyor` belts, and `Queue` lines). Entities can be added to the model view by dragging and dropping.

模型视图（Model View）：中央画布，用于摆放实体、连接流程逻辑，支持缩放、平移以调整建模视角。

Model View: The central canvas used for placing entities and connecting process logic, supporting zooming and panning to adjust the modeling perspective.

属性面板（Properties）：右侧面板，选中实体后可配置其参数（如加工时间、容量、触发器逻辑）。

Properties Panel: The panel on the right, where parameters (such as processing time, Capacity, and trigger logic) of a selected entity can be configured.

统计面板（Statistics）：仿真运行时显示关键数据，如实体数量、设备状态、性能指标实时曲线。

Statistics Panel: Displays key data during simulation operation, such as the number of entities, equipment status, and real-time curves of performance indicators.

基础建模四步流程

Four-Step Process for Basic Modeling

1. 步骤1：搭建实体框架

1. Step 1: Build the Entity Framework

从“库面板”拖拽所需实体到“模型视图”：例如建模“货物加工流程”，需添加`Source`（生成货物）、`Queue`（暂存货物）、`Processor`（加工设备）、`Sink`（接收成品）。

Drag the required entities from the "Library Panel" to the "Model View": For example, when modeling a "goods processing process", it is necessary to add `Source` (for generating goods), `Queue` (for temporarily storing goods), `Processor` (processing equipment), and `Sink` (for receiving finished products).

按实际流程摆放实体位置（如`Source`→`Queue`→`Processor`→`Sink`依次排列），确保逻辑路径清晰。

Arrange the positions of entities according to the actual process (e.g., `Source`→`Queue`→`Processor`→`Sink` in sequence) to ensure a clear logical path.

2. 步骤2：连接流程逻辑

2. Step 2: Connect Process Logic

实体连接：选中一个实体，点击其“输出端口（Output Port）”并拖拽到下一个实体的“输入端口（Input Port）”，生成流程线，定义实体移动路径（如`Source`的货物自动进入`Queue`）。

Entity Connection: Select an entity, click its "Output Port" and drag it to the "Input Port" of the next entity to generate a connection line, defining the movement path of the entity (e.g., goods from `Source` automatically enter `Queue`).

端口配置：若需控制实体分配规则（如“货物优先进入空闲加工机”），可在实体属性的“端口（Ports）”标签页设置“发送至端口”逻辑。

Port Configuration: If it is necessary to control the entity allocation rule (such as "goods first enter idle processing machines"), the "Send to Port" logic can be set in the "Ports" tab of the entity properties.

3. 步骤3：配置实体参数

3. Step 3: Configure Entity Parameters - **基础参数**：选中`Source`，在属性面板设置“生成间隔（Inter-arrival Time）”（如“每10秒生成1个货物”）；选中`Processor`，设置“加工时间（Processing Time）”（如“每个货物加工5秒”）。

Basic Parameters: Select `Source` and set the "Inter-arrival Time" in the properties panel (e.g., "generate 1 good every 10 seconds"); select `Processor` and set the "Processing Time" (e.g., "process 1 good every 5 seconds").

容量与规则：为`Queue`设置“最大容量”（如最多暂存20个货物），避免溢出；为`Processor`设置“故障概率”（可选），模拟真实设备停机场景。

Capacity and Rules: Set the "Maximum Capacity" for `Queue` (e.g., temporarily store a maximum of 20 goods) to avoid overflow; set the "Failure Probability" for `Processor` (optional) to simulate real equipment downtime scenarios.

4. 步骤4：运行与初步调试

4. Step 4: Run and Preliminary Debugging - 点击工具栏“运行（Play）”按钮启动仿真，观察实体流动：`Source`生成`Flowitem`（默认蓝色立方体），自动进入`Queue`，再被`Processor`抓取加工，最终进入`Sink`。

Click the "Play" button in the toolbar to start the simulation and observe the flow of entities: `Source` generates `Flowitem` (default blue cube), which automatically enters `Queue`, is then captured and processed by `Processor`, and finally enters `Sink`.

若实体停滞（如货物卡在`Queue`未进入`Processor`），检查“流程线连接”是否正确、实体“输入/输出端口”是否启用。

If entities are stuck (e.g., goods are stuck in `Queue` and do not enter `Processor`), check whether the "connection lines" are correct and whether the "input/output ports" of the entities are enabled.

点击“重置（Reset）”可清空当前仿真状态，返回初始模型，便于修改参数后重新测试。

Click "Reset" to clear the current simulation state and return to the initial model, facilitating re-testing after parameter modification.

基础实战：简易加工流程建模

Basic Practical Application: Modeling a Simple Processing Flow

以“单一产品加工”为例，完整演示建模过程：

Taking "single-product processing" as an example, the complete modeling process is demonstrated as follows:

1. 添加实体：拖拽`Source`（A）、`Queue`（B）、`Processor`（C）、`Sink`（D）到画布，按A→B→C→D顺序排列。

1. Add Entities: Drag `Source` (A), `Queue` (B), `Processor` (C), and `Sink` (D) to the canvas, and arrange them in the order of A→B→C→D.

2. 连接流程：A的输出端口→B的输入端口，B的输出端口→C的输入端口，C的输出端口→D的输入端口。

2. Connect Processes: Connect the output port of A to the input port of B, the output port of B to the input port of C, and the output port of C to the input port of D.

3. 配置参数：

3. Configure Parameters:

A（Source）：“生成间隔”设为`uniform(8,12)`（8-12秒随机生成1个货物，模拟真实波动）。

A (Source): Set "Inter-arrival Time" to `uniform(8,12)` (randomly generate 1 good every 8-12 seconds to simulate real fluctuations).

B（Processor）：“加工时间”设为`constant(6)`（固定6秒加工1个），“容量”设为1（每次仅加工1个）。

B (Processor): Set "Processing Time" to `constant(6)` (fixed 6 seconds to process 1 good) and "Capacity" to 1 (process only 1 good at a time).

4. 运行分析：启动仿真，观察“统计面板”：记录100个货物完成加工的总时间、C的利用率（加工时间/总仿真时间）、B的平均等待时间，判断流程是否存在瓶颈（如B堆积货物则需调整C的加工效率）。

4. Run and Analyze: Start the simulation and observe the "Statistics Panel": Record the total time for 100 goods to complete processing, the utilization rate of C (processing time/total simulation time), and the average waiting time of B to determine whether there is a bottleneck in the process (e.g., if goods are piled up in B, the processing efficiency of C needs to be adjusted).

入门关键技巧与注意事项

Key Tips and Precautions for Beginners

1. 善用“触发器（Trigger）”：简单逻辑可通过触发器实现，例如在`Processor`的“加工完成（On Process Finish）”触发器中添加“打印日志”动作，便于跟踪实体状态。

1. Make Good Use of "Triggers": Simple logic can be implemented through triggers. For example, add a "print log" action to the "On Process Finish" trigger of `Processor` to facilitate tracking of entity status.

2. 优先使用默认参数：入门阶段无需过度自定义，先基于默认参数（如实体尺寸、端口规则）完成基础流程，再逐步优化细节。

2. Prioritize Default Parameters: There is no need for excessive customization in the introductory stage. First, complete the basic process based on default parameters (such as entity size and port rules), and then gradually optimize the details.

3. 重视统计分析：仿真的核心价值在于数据，运行后需重点关注“设备利用率”“实体等待时间”“系统吞吐量”，这些指标是判断系统是否需要优化的关键。

3. Emphasize Statistical Analysis: The core value of simulation lies in data. After running, focus on "equipment utilization rate", "entity waiting time", and "system throughput". These indicators are key to determining whether the system needs optimization.

4. 参考官方资源：FlexSim自带“案例库（Examples）”（如仓储分拣、生产线建模）和“帮助文档（Help）”，可直接打开学习成熟模型的逻辑设计，加速入门。

4. Refer to Official Resources: FlexSim comes with an "Examples Library" (such as warehouse sorting and production line modeling) and "Help Documentation". You can directly open them to learn the logical design of mature models and accelerate the entry process.

FlexSim的入门核心是“先搭建简单流程，再逐步叠加复杂度”。通过多次调试参数、观察仿真结果，能快速理解离散事件仿真的逻辑，为后续复杂系统建模打下基础。你在入门时遇到过哪些问题？欢迎分享交流！

The core of getting started with FlexSim is to "first build a simple process, then gradually add complexity". By adjusting parameters and observing simulation results multiple times, you can quickly understand the logic of discrete event simulation and lay a foundation for subsequent complex system modeling. What problems did you encounter when getting started? Welcome to share and communicate!

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翻译：文心一言

参考资料：百度百科