摘要:Once seen as a guilt-free indulgence, Sugar-free beverages are facing mounting scientific scrutiny. New research suggests that so-
当前,许多人喜欢选择饮用无糖饮料,认为在喝饮料这件事上获得了“特赦”,美滋滋的小甜水终于可以敞开喝!但是,无糖饮料真的可以无限畅饮吗?
图源:视觉中国
其实,近几年的研究,越来越多地指向:市面上标注“无糖”“0糖”,但喝起来甜甜的饮料,真的不能天天喝。
Once seen as a guilt-free indulgence, Sugar-free beverages are facing mounting scientific scrutiny. New research suggests that so-called "zero-sugar" drinks may carry health risks, despite their popularity as sweet alternatives to traditional sodas.
经常喝无糖甜饮料
同样增加糖尿病风险
无糖饮料中,甜甜的味道来自多种不同添加成分,常见的包括天然甜味剂和人工甜味剂:
人工甜味剂:主要包括糖精、阿斯巴甜、安赛蜜、三氯蔗糖等,只需要添加极少量就可以产生甜味;
天然甜味剂:主要包括糖醇类的山梨糖醇、赤藓糖醇、木糖醇等,这类本质属于碳水化合物,不属于糖的范畴,热量、升糖较低;非糖醇类的甜菊糖苷、罗汉果糖苷等;
因为替代了真糖却又提供了甜味,不少人也会习惯的把它们都叫做代糖。
The sweet taste in these drinks typically comes from artificial or natural substitutes. While they replace real sugar, growing evidence shows they are far from harmless.
图源:视觉中国
一项来自澳大利亚的研究发现:和几乎不喝无糖甜饮料(每月少于1次)的人相比,每天至少喝一杯的人,得2型糖尿病的风险升高了38%。即使不是每天喝,每周喝1~6次无糖甜饮料的人,风险也有上升。
研究还发现,好好运动能降低喝无糖甜饮料的风险,但无法完全抵消。
An Australian study found that people who consume at least one sugar-free drink daily face a 38 percent higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared with those who drink them less than once a month. Even weekly consumption of one to six servings shows an increased risk. Exercise can reduce, but not eliminate, this effect.
此外,最新研究发现,经常喝无糖甜饮料,可能和大脑衰老加速有关。一项1.2万健康中老年人的调研发现,每天一罐无糖汽水,与食用无糖甜饮料最少的人相比,大脑衰老加速1.6年。
Another study of 12,000 middle-aged and older adults linked daily sugar-free soda consumption to faster brain aging, equivalent to 1.6 additional years of cognitive decline.
每天喝含人工甜味剂的饮料
或激发“嗜甜”本能增加疾病风险
人工甜味剂和真糖比,几乎没有热量、不升糖,在规定添加量内基本安全。
不过,早在2023年5月15日,世界卫生组织就作出明确提醒:不建议将非糖甜味剂用于体重控制或降低非传染性疾病风险。
Artificial sweeteners are often marketed as low-calorie, blood sugar–friendly options. However, in May 2023, the World Health Organization advised against their use for weight control or disease prevention.
一项研究分析显示,每天多喝250毫升人工甜味剂饮料,肥胖风险增加21%,2型糖尿病风险增加15%。并且,人工甜味剂的摄入量与肥胖和2型糖尿病之间呈线性关联,即喝得越多,得病风险越高。研究还发现,每天喝人工甜味剂饮料人群的死亡率上升了,其他慢性疾病风险也会增加。
One study showed that each additional 250 ml of artificially sweetened beverages per day raised obesity risk by 21 percent and type 2 diabetes risk by 15 percent. The more people consumed, the higher their risk of chronic disease and mortality.
现有的研究也给出了一些生理机制层面的解释:长期喝人工甜味剂饮料,可能引发身体复杂连锁反应。
研究者提醒:人工甜味剂的假甜信号骗不过大脑,反而容易引起混乱。摄入更多人工甜味剂饮料会增加对甜食的偏好,并影响长期的食物选择和饮食质量。
从现有的机理上来看,代糖就像是身体里“狼来了”的故事,如果长期天天喝,一直被骗的身体和大脑,就会延伸出了一套新的复杂的生理机制来应对。
图源:央视新闻
另外,人工甜味剂可能通过多个路径,比如破坏肠道菌群平衡、葡萄糖耐受不良和胰岛素敏感性下降等影响整个能量代谢过程,长期摄入可能破坏血糖稳态,并增加糖尿病和肥胖等风险。
Researchers believe artificial sweeteners send "false sweetness" signals that may increase cravings for sugary foods, lower overall diet quality, disrupt gut microbiota, impair glucose tolerance, and reduce insulin sensitivity — potentially destabilizing long-term blood sugar control.
对于控重、控糖群体,有短期控制热量、升糖的需求,人工甜味剂依然是一种选择;但是长期来看,建议不要试图靠人工甜味剂控重、降低疾病风险。
心血管病史人群
要注意糖醇类无糖甜饮料
虽然都是提供甜味的物质,但不同类型的代糖对身体的影响不同。
目前,糖醇类的无糖甜饮料,尚未发现有大规模、明确提升慢性疾病风险的研究出现。但个别糖醇(木糖醇和赤藓糖醇)也有一些小的风险点,建议有血栓病史、心血管病史的人群,千万不要大量食用这两种代糖饮料。
Sugar alcohols, another class of sweeteners, have not yet been clearly linked to chronic disease on a large scale. Still, experts caution that certain types, such as xylitol and erythritol, may pose cardiovascular risks for vulnerable groups.
此外,添加糖对身体的危害是明确的,按照膳食指南建议:成年人每天添加糖摄入不超过50克,最好控制在25克以下,这里的添加糖除了饮料,还包括甜点、冷饮以及家庭烹饪等中的隐形添加糖。
By contrast, the dangers of added sugar are well established. Dietary guidelines recommend limiting intake to no more than 50 grams per day, ideally below 25 grams, including hidden sugars in desserts, frozen treats, and home cooking.
图源:视觉中国
如果更注重健康,白水、无糖的淡茶和咖啡等,是更好的选择。
For those seeking healthier choices, water, unsweetened tea, and black coffee remain the safest bets.
编辑:左卓
见习编辑:裴禧盈
实习生:孙艺菡
来源:中国日报双语新闻一点号