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“覃学苦练（68）：精读硕士论文《考虑原制造商双向公平关切的闭环供应链决策研究》公平中性集中决策模型（1）”
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“Qin Xueku Lian (67): Intensive reading of the master's thesis "Research on closed-loop supply chain decision-making considering the two-way fairness concerns of the original manufacturer" model assumptions and parameter descriptions”
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一、思维导图（Mind mapping）

本期推文将带来“公平中性集中决策模型构建”部分，该部分是第3章“公平中性下的供应链决策研究”的核心环节，聚焦供应链三方协同决策场景，通过明确决策主体、目标与核心函数，搭建系统最优的基准模型，为后续与分散决策对比及供应链协调研究奠定基础。

This article will focus on the section "Construction of a Fair and Neutral Centralized Decision-Making Model," which is a core part of Chapter 3, "Supply Chain Decision-Making under Fairness and Neutrality." It focuses on the scenario of collaborative decision-making among three parties in the supply chain, establishing a benchmark model for system optimization by clearly defining the decision-making entities, objectives, and core functions. This will serve as the foundation for subsequent comparisons with decentralized decision-making and further research on supply chain coordination.

二、精读内容（Intensive reading content）

（一）决策主体与协作逻辑（Decision-making actors and collaboration mechanisms）

集中决策场景下，原制造商、零售商、第三方再制造商不再单独以自身利润最大化为目标，而是整合为一个统一的决策主体。

In a centralized decision-making scenario, the original manufacturer, retailer, and third-party remanufacturer no longer pursue their own individual profit maximization goals, but instead function as a unified decision-making entity.

三者打破各自的利益边界，协同制定所有产品的定价与生产计划——原制造商不再单独决定批发价与专利许可费，零售商不再单独决定新产品零售价，第三方再制造商不再单独决定再制造产品直销价，而是通过集体协商，共同选择能让供应链整体效益最优的决策方案。

By breaking down their respective interests and collaborating on pricing and production plans for all products, the three parties—the original manufacturer, the retailer, and the remanufacturer—no longer independently decide on wholesale prices, patent licensing fees, and retail prices. Instead, they work together through collective negotiation to choose the decision-making approach that optimizes overall supply chain efficiency.

这种协作逻辑贴合“集中决策追求系统效率最大化”的本质，也为后续对比分散决策的双重边际效应提供了参照。

This collaborative approach aligns with the principle of "centralized decision-making to maximize system efficiency," and it also provides a reference point for later comparisons with the dual marginal effects of decentralized decision-making.

（二）核心决策目标（Key decision-making objectives）

模型的核心决策目标是实现闭环供应链的系统利润最大化，即整合新产品、原制造商再制造产品、第三方再制造产品的销售利润，以三者总和最大为导向制定决策。

The core objective of this model is to maximize the overall profit of the closed-loop supply chain by integrating the sales profits of new products, original manufacturer remanufactured products, and third-party remanufactured products, and making decisions based on maximizing the total profit of these three categories.

为全面评估供应链绩效，模型还将消费者剩余与社会福利纳入分析范畴，消费者剩余体现消费者从购买中获得的额外效用，社会福利则是系统利润与消费者剩余的总和。

To comprehensively assess supply chain performance, the model also incorporates consumer surplus and social welfare into the analysis. Consumer surplus represents the additional utility consumers derive from their purchases, while social welfare is the sum of system profit and consumer surplus.

这种目标设定突破了不仅关注企业利润的局限，还符合学术研究中对供应链整体价值的评估逻辑，也贴合现实中政府、企业对经济效益与社会效益平衡的追求，使模型结论更具全面性。

This objective setting goes beyond merely focusing on corporate profits; it aligns with the logic of evaluating the overall value of the supply chain in academic research, and also reflects the real-world pursuit of balancing economic benefits and social benefits by governments and businesses, thus making the model's conclusions more comprehensive.

（三）系统利润函数构建（Construction of the system profit function）

系统利润函数围绕三种产品的利润总和构建。

The system's profit function is based on the total profit of the three products.

具体涵盖三部分：一是新产品的销售利润，由新产品销量与零售价与生产成本的差的边际利润相乘得到；二是原制造商再制造产品的销售利润，由其销量与直销价与再制造成本差的边际利润相乘得到；三是第三方再制造产品的销售利润，由其销量与直销价与再制造成本差的边际利润相乘得到。

Specifically, it covers three aspects: 1) the sales profit of new products, calculated by multiplying the sales volume by the margin (the difference between the retail price and the production cost); 2) the sales profit of remanufactured products by the original manufacturer, calculated by multiplying the sales volume by the margin (the difference between the sales price and the remanufacturing cost); and 3) the sales profit of remanufactured products by third-party vendors, calculated by multiplying the sales volume by the margin (the difference between the sales price and the remanufacturing cost).

由于三方协同决策，集中决策模型中不再单独考虑新产品批发价与专利许可费。批发价是供应链内部利益分配变量，专利许可费是原制造商与第三方的内部收益转移，在追求系统整体利润时，这类内部变量不会影响总利润计算，因此被简化剔除，使利润函数更聚焦最终售价、成本与销量的核心关联，逻辑更清晰。

Due to the collaborative decision-making among the three parties, the wholesale price of the new product and the patent licensing fee are no longer considered separately in the centralized decision-making model. Wholesale price is an internal variable related to profit distribution within the supply chain, and the patent licensing fee represents an internal revenue transfer between the original manufacturer and the third party. When aiming to maximize overall system profit, these internal variables do not affect the total profit calculation. They are therefore simplified and omitted, allowing the profit function to focus more clearly on the core relationships between final selling price, cost, and sales volume.

（四）消费者剩余与社会福利函数构建（Consumer surplus and the construction of social welfare function）

1.消费者剩余函数（Consumer surplus function）

费者剩余函数基于不同产品的消费者效用差异构建，将消费者分为购买新产品、原制造商再制造产品、第三方再制造产品三类，分别计算每类消费者的剩余效用（消费者对产品的价值感知减实际支付价格），再通过积分求和得总消费者剩余。

The consumer surplus function is constructed based on the differences in consumer utility across different types of products. It categorizes consumers into three groups: those who purchase new products, those who purchase remanufactured products from the original manufacturer, and those who purchase remanufactured products from third-party vendors. The surplus utility for each group (the perceived value of the product minus the actual price paid) is calculated separately, and then the total consumer surplus is obtained by integrating and summing these values.

这种计算方式结合前文消费者支付意愿差异假设，如对新产品支付意愿高的消费者购买新产品剩余效用更高，使计算更贴合偏好异质的现实需求逻辑，而非简单统一估算。

This calculation method incorporates the assumption of varying consumer willingness to pay, as discussed earlier—for example, consumers with a higher willingness to pay for a new product will derive greater residual utility from purchasing it—making the calculation more aligned with the real-world dynamics of heterogeneous consumer preferences, rather than relying on a simple, uniform estimation.

2.社会福利函数（Social welfare function）

社会福利函数直接定义为系统利润与消费者剩余之和，将企业层面的经济效益与消费者层面的效用价值结合，形成对供应链整体价值的综合评估指标。

The social welfare function is defined as the sum of system profit and consumer surplus, combining the economic benefits at the enterprise level with the utility value from the consumer perspective, thus forming a comprehensive evaluation indicator for the overall value of the supply chain.

这一函数设定的关键价值在于：后续对比集中决策与分散决策时，不仅能分析企业利润的差异，还能判断两种决策对消费者利益、社会整体福利的影响，使研究结论更具现实指导意义，例如集中决策可能不仅提升企业利润，还能通过优化定价提高消费者剩余，最终实现社会福利提升。

The key value of this function lies in its ability to, when comparing centralized and decentralized decision-making, not only analyze differences in firm profits but also assess the impact of each approach on consumer welfare and overall social welfare. This makes the research findings more practically relevant. For example, centralized decision-making may not only increase firm profits but also, through optimized pricing, enhance consumer surplus, ultimately leading to improved social welfare.

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翻译：谷歌翻译

参考资料：百度百科、Chat GPT

参考文献：闫毓敏.考虑原制造商双向公平关切的闭环供应链决策研究[D].湖南大学,2021.

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排版：qin
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来源：LearningYard学苑