摘要：=What’s up?=What’s your trouble/problem?
人教版八年级下册英语期中考试核比知识点汇总（Unit1~Unit3）
Unit 1 What’s the matter?
一、重点短语
1. have a fever /headache发烧/头疼
2. have a cough 咳嗽
3. have a toothache 牙疼
4. have a sore back 背疼
5. have a sore throat 喉咙痛
6.have a cold 受凉;感冒
7. have a nosebleed 流鼻血
8.have a heart problem 有心脏病
9.have a stomachache 胃疼
10.have problems breathing 呼吸困难
11. talk too much 说得太多
12. drink enough water 喝足够的水
13. lie down and rest 躺下来休息
14. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶
15. see a dentist 看牙医
16. get an X-ray 拍X 光片
17. take one’s temperature 量体温
18. feel very hot 感到很热
19. go along 沿着……走
20. go to a doctor 看医生
21. get off/on 下车/上车
22. get into trouble 造成麻烦
23. get into/out of 进入/从……出来
24. be in control (of) 掌管;管理
25.be out of control(of)失控
26. thanks to 多亏了
27. on the side of the road 在马路边
28. shout for help 大声呼救
29. put some medicine on sth. 在…上面敷药
30. all weekend 整个周末
31.put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎
32. hurt oneself 受伤
33. to one’s surprise 使....... 惊讶的
34.fall down 摔倒
35. without thinking twice 没有多想
36. save a life 挽救生命
37. put her head back 把她的头向后仰
38. cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖
39. get/be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事
40. used to do过去常常
41. in the same way 以同样的方式
42. sound like 听起来像
43. make a decision 做出决定
44. because of 由于
45. mountain climbing 登山运动
46. feel sick 感到恶心
47. in a difficult situation 在困境中
48. take risks=take a risk 冒险
49. keep on doing sth. 继续做某事
50. give up (doing) sth. 放弃
51. run out (of) 用完;用尽
52. in time 及时 on time准时
53. right away/at once=immediately 立刻，马上
54. so that =in order that以便
二、重点语法
1.What’s the matter（with sb）?怎么了？
询问麻烦事或身体状况
=What’s the trouble (with sb)?
=What’s the matter (with sb)?
=What’s the problem (with sb)?
=What’s up?=What’s your trouble/problem?
2.1) have a+名词，表示某种病
have a cough咳嗽
2）sore也可表疾病
have a sore back/throat背疼/喉咙痛
3. need有两种词性，实义动词和情态动词
实义动词：①need sth ②need (sb) to do ③don’t need.....
情态动词：②need+原型②Need I ....?
肯定回答：Yes,you must.
否定回答： No, you needn’t.
4.see sb do sth看见某人做某事（强调全过程）
see sb doing sth看见某人正在做某事（强调正在发生）
5.expect sth期待某物
agree with sb同意某人
expect(sb) to do 期待做某事
agree to do同意做某事
expect+that从句 期待
agree+that从句
6.have trouble/problems in doing sth 做某事有困难
7.trouble用法:
1).be in trouble处于困境
2).get(sb) into trouble(使某人)陷入困境
8.词组辨析：
used to do过去常常 …
be used to doing习惯于做…
9.so...that+从句 （如此...以至于）
so that（为了，目的是。引导目的状语从句）
He works hard so that he can succeed.
=He works hard in order to succeed.
他为了成功而努力工作。
10.What’s the meaning of...?
=What does...mean? ....的意思是什么？
What's the meaning of this word？
= What does this word mean?
这个单词的意思是什么？
11.反身代词：
myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselvesteach oneself,enjoy oneself,dress oneself,introduce oneself,help oneself
12.lie-lay-lain-lying 躺/位于
lie-lied-lied-lying 说谎
lay-laid-laid-laying放置/下蛋
(规则的撒谎，不规则的躺，躺过就下蛋)
Unit 2 I ’ll help to Clean up the city parks.
【重点短语】
1. clean-Up Day 清洁日
2. an old people’s home 养老院
3. help out with sth. 帮助解决困难
4. used to do sth.过去常常做某事
get/be used to doing sth习惯于做某事
5. care for =look after=take care of关心;照顾
6. the look of joy 快乐的表情
7. at the age of 在......岁时
8. clean up 打扫(或清除)干净
9. cheer up (使)变得更高兴;振奋
10. give out =hand out分发;散发
11. come up with 想出；提出
12. make a plan 制订计划
13. make some notices 做些公告牌
14. try out 参加…的选拔；试用;试行
15. work for 为…工作；为…. 效力
16. put up 建造;举起;张贴
17. hand out 分发;散发;发给
18. call up 打电话;召集
19. put off doing sth推迟/延迟做某事
20. for example 比如；例如
21. raise money 筹钱;募捐
22. take after 与......相像;像
23. give away 赠送;捐赠
24. fix up 修理;修补;解决
25. be similar to 与……相似
26. set up 建立;设立
27. disabled people 残疾人
28. make a difference 影响;有作用
29. be able to 能够
30. after-school reading program课外阅读项目
31.a feeling of satisfaction满足感
32.several hours若干小时
33.volunteer to do sth自愿做某事
34.sick kids生病的孩子
35.homeless people无家可归的人
36.be busy with sth=be busy doing sth忙于做某事
37.disabled people残疾人
38.a trained dog一只经过训练的狗
39.book lover爱书者
40.think up想出
【重点语法】
1. notice sb do sth注意到某人做过某事，
notice sb doing sth注意到某人正在做某事
2.lonely孤独的，寂寞的adj.定语，做表语，有感情
alone独自，单独adj./adv.状语，做表语，无感情色彩
3.satisfaction用法：
1.)satisfy v. （satisfy sb 使某人满意）
2.)satisfied/satisfying adj.（be satisfied with对...满意）
3.)satisfaction（ n. ）（to one’s satisfaction令某人满意）
4.owner用法：
1.)the owner of...的主人（ the owner of the shop店主）
2.)one’s own+名词 （my own shop我自己的店）
5. sick adj. 定语，表语 →（sickness n.疾病）
ill adj. 表语→（ illness n.疾病）
He is ill.=He is sick.
Here is a sick dog.
5.raise 及物动词 ； rise 不及物动词
①The sun rises.② Raise your hands.
6.take after像(品质，外貌)→look like看起来像(外貌)
7.imagine+动名词/名词/代词 （ imagine sb doing）
8.have trouble/problems/difficulty in doing做某事有困难
He has trouble in learning English.他学习英语有困难。
9.形容词+ness变名词：
kind-kindness、ill-illness,sick- sickness,、sad-sadness、
happy-happiness、busy-business、fair-fairness
10.句型辨析：
①It is clever/smart/kind/nice/friendly of sb to
某人做某事是...的
②It is +adj+for sb to do 做某事对某人来说是...的
11.change one’s mind改变主意
change green into yellow由绿变黄
12.be interested in=have an interest in 对...感兴趣
13. to do不定式用法
①作宾语：need/want/hope/expect/plan/would like to do
②作宾语补足语：ask/tell/expect/allow/want/wish sb to do
③作状语：to do表目的
④不带to宾补see/hear/watch/feel/notice/make/let sb do
14.以why开头的否定疑问句多表示建议或请求。
Why don’t you go to work a little earlier？
=Why not go to work a little earlier?
你为什么不早点去上班呢？
Because I think it's very interesting.
因为我认为它很有趣。
Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?
【重点短语】
1.go out for dinner 出去吃饭
2. stay out late 在外面待到很晚
3. go to the movies 看电影
4. take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步
5.all day/evening 整曰/夜
6.do housework 做家务
7. get a ride 搭便车
8. work on 从事
9. finish doing sth. 完成做某事
10. clean and tidy 干净整洁
11. do the dishes 洗餐具
12. take out the rubbish 倒垃圾
13. fold the clothes 叠衣服
14. sweep the floor 扫地
15. make the bed 整理床铺
16. as a result结果
17. help out 帮忙
18. get good grades取得好成绩
19. throw down 扔下
20.as soon as=the minute 一...就...
21. come over 过来 22.shout back 大声回应
23.walk away 走开
24.all the time 一直;总是
25.share the housework 分担家务
26. a comfortable home 一个舒适的家
27.in surprise 惊讶地
28. get something to drink 拿点喝的东西
29.hang out 闲逛
30. watch one show 观看一个节目
31. pass sb. sth. 把某物传给某人
32. lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人
33. get sth. wet 使某物弄湿
34. hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事
35. do chores 做杂务
36. help sb. (to ) do /with sth 帮助某人干某事
37.bring a tent带顶帐篷来
38. buy some snacks买些小吃
39. go to the store去商店
40. invite sb. to a party邀请某人参加聚会
41. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
42. enough stress足够的压力
43.a waste of time浪费时间
44. in order to为了
45. provide sb with sth=provide sth for sb
46. mind doing sth. 介意做某事
47. depend on依赖;依靠
48. look after/take care of 照顾；照看
49. develop children’s independence发展孩子的独立性
50. do one’s part in (doing ) sth.做某人分内的事
51. come home from school/ work放学/下班回家
【重点语法】
1.Could you please(not) do sth ?
用于提出请求，希望得到对方肯定回答，语气较委婉。
肯定回答：Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem.
否定回答：Sorry , I can’t. / I’m afraid I can’t.
2.(1)neither（ adv.） 也不 句子须部分倒装。此时可用nor替换 neither。
I don’t like this dress. 我不喜欢这件连衣裙。
Neither / Nor do I. 我也不喜欢。
【注意】肯定句：He likes beef..--So do I. 我也喜欢。
(2)neither …nor… 既不…也不…, 连接两个词做主语，谓语动词遵循就近原则 。
Neither Tom nor I am a student.
=Neither l nor Tom is a student.
(3) neither 作代词表示“两个都不”它作主语时，谓语动词常用单数.如：Neither of my parents is at home.
3.borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物(借入)=borrow sb sth.
lend sb. sth.= lend sth. to sb. 借给某人某物(借出)
4.need v 需要作实义动词常用于肯定句
(1)人做主语，sb. need to do sth 某人需要做某事
(2)物做主语，sth need doing = sth need to be done
These flowers need water ing.这些花需要浇水。
5.(1) invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事
(2)invite sb. to +地点 邀请某人去某地
6.spend/pay/cost/take 花费
(1)spend→spent→spent（ v .）花费,主语是人
sb.+ spend +时间/钱+on sth （在某事上花费...... ）
sb. +spend +时间/钱+（in） doing sth
He spends too much time on the computer games.
(3)pay →paid →paid （v .）支付，主语是人
sb.+ pay + 钱+for sth （I pay 10 yuan for the book.）
(3) cost→ cost→ cost （v .）花费，主语是某物或某事
sth cost sb. +钱 某物花费某人多少钱
A new computer costs me a lot of money.
(4)take→took → taken v 花费
It takes /took sb. some time to do sth.
做某事花费某人多长时间
7. develop v→development n 发展
→developing adj. 发展中的→developed adj. 发达的
a developing country 一个发展中国家
a developed country 一个发达国家
8.take care of 照顾/take a walk 散步/take away拿走,
take up占据/take place 发生/take off脱下
take photos照像/take out取出/take care当心
take medicine服药/take one’s temperature量体温
come back回来/come up with想出/come true实现
come from来自/come out出来，(花)开/get back 返回
get over 克服/get dressed穿衣/get into进入
get/be lost丢失/get off（on）下（上）车
get on well with sb.与某人相处得好
get out of从…出来
9.It作形式主语或形式宾语
①It’s+adj+(for sb) to do对某人来说做某事是……的
②It’s no use/good doing sth做某事是无用/好的
It is no use talking with him.和他谈话没有用。
（it充当形式主语，真正的主语是talking with him）
我们在理解和翻译的时候，把真正的主语放在前面：
Talking with him is no use.和他谈话是没用的.
③主语+谓语(find,think,make,feel)+it+adj+to do sth
I find it difficult to learn English.我发现学英语很难。
（it充当形式宾语，真正的宾语是to learn English）I是主语，to learn English是宾语，difficult是宾语补足语，起补充说明作用，称为补语。我们在翻译和理解的时候，要把真正的宾语放在及物动词后面：I find [to learn English] difficult.
来源：一枝寒梅初中英语数学