摘要:作宾语:有些动词后常接不定式作宾语,如want, hope, decide等。例如:I want to go shopping.(我想去购物。)
中考英语不定式的用法详解及双语例句:
不定式的基本形式与结构
- 由“to +动词原形”构成,有时to可省略,否定式为“not to +动词原形”。
不定式的用法
- 作宾语:有些动词后常接不定式作宾语,如want, hope, decide等。例如:I want to go shopping.(我想去购物。)
- 作宾语补足语:部分动词可接“sb. + to do”结构作宾语补足语,如tell, ask, want等。例如:My mother tells me to do my homework.(我妈妈告诉我去做作业。)
- 作目的状语:可放在句首或句末,表目的。例如:To pass the exam, I study hard.(为了通过考试,我努力学习。)
- 作定语:通常放在被修饰的名词之后。例如:I have a lot of homework to do.(我有很多作业要做。)
- 作主语:动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,可用it作形式主语。例如:To learn English well is important. = It is important to learn English well.(学好英语很重要。)
双语例句
1. I hope to see you soon.(我希望很快见到你。)
2. She wants to be a teacher.(她想成为一名教师。)
3. He decided to go to Beijing.(他决定去北京。)
4. They plan to have a party.(他们计划举办一个派对。)
5. We agreed to help him.(我们同意帮助他。)
6. She refused to tell me the truth.(她拒绝告诉我真相。)
7. He offered to carry my bag.(他主动提出帮我拿包。)
8. I would like to drink some water.(我想喝点水。)
9. She pretends to be ill.(她假装生病。)
10. They expect to win the game.(他们期望赢得比赛。)
11. He promised to come on time.(他答应按时来。)
12. I learn to play the guitar.(我学习弹吉他。)
13. She helps her mother to do the housework.(她帮她妈妈做家务。)
14. He wants me to go with him.(他想让我和他一起去。)
15. The teacher asks us to listen carefully.(老师要求我们认真听讲。)
16. My parents tell me not to stay up late.(我父母告诉我不要熬夜。)
17. To make friends is easy for him.(交朋友对他来说很容易。)
18. It is difficult to finish the work in time.(按时完成工作很困难。)
19. She is too young to go to school.(她太小了,不能上学。)
20. He is old enough to look after himself.(他足够大了,可以照顾自己。)
21. I don't know what to do.(我不知道该做什么。)
22. Can you tell me how to get to the station?(你能告诉我怎么去车站吗?)
23. He showed me where to put the book.(他告诉我把书放在哪里。)
24. She decided when to leave.(她决定什么时候离开。)
25. I have a book to read.(我有一本书要读。)
26. There is nothing to worry about.(没有什么可担心的。)
27. He has a lot of work to do.(他有很多工作要做。)
28. She is the first to come to school.(她是第一个来学校的。)
29. To see is to believe.(眼见为实。)
30. His dream is to become a famous singer.(他的梦想是成为一名著名的歌手。)
31. I get up early to catch the first bus.(我早起是为了赶上第一班公交车。)
32. She studies hard to get good grades.(她努力学习是为了取得好成绩。)
33. He ran quickly to catch the thief.(他跑得很快是为了抓住小偷。)
34. We went to the park to have a picnic.(我们去公园是为了野餐。)
35. I heard him sing a song.(我听到他唱了一首歌。)(省to)
36. Let him go.(让他走。)(省to)
37. You had better stay at home.(你最好呆在家里。)(省to)
38. Why not go shopping?(为什么不去购物呢?)(省to)
39. The boy was made to clean the classroom.(这个男孩被要求打扫教室。)(被动还原to)
40. It takes me an hour to do my homework.(我花一个小时做作业。)
中考英语不定式的考点易错陷阱如下:
作宾语
- 考查一些常接不定式作宾语的动词,如want, hope, decide, plan等。例如:He wants _ (go) to the movies tonight. 答案是“to go”。
作宾语补足语
- 考查能接“sb. + to do”结构的动词,如ask, tell, want, allow等。例如:My teacher asks me _ (finish) my homework on time. 应填“to finish”。
作目的状语
- 常考不定式位于句首或句末表目的的情况。例如:_ (get) good grades, he studies hard every day. 答案是“To get”。
- 考查不定式作后置定语修饰名词的用法。例如:I have something important _ (tell) you. 要填“to tell”。
- 常考it作形式主语,不定式作真正主语的句式。如:It is + adj. + (for/of sb.) + to do sth. 例如:It's difficult _ (learn) a foreign language. 答案是“to learn”。
特殊结构中的不定式
- 考查“疑问词+不定式”结构,如what to do, how to do it等。例如:I don't know how _ (use) this machine. 答案是“to use”。
- 还有一些固定搭配,如had better do, would rather do等,注意这些结构中用省略to的不定式。例如:You had better _ (go) to bed early. 填“go”。
不定式的时态和语态
- 考查不定式的一般式、进行式、完成式以及被动语态。例如:The book is said _ (publish) next month. 这里要用“to be published”,表示“将要被出版”。
省略to的不定式
- 使役动词(let, make, have等)和感官动词(see, hear, watch等)后接不定式作宾补时,省略to,但在被动语态中要还原to。例如:He was seen _ (enter) the room. 要填“to enter”。
来源:蒙古元素