摘要:以下是初中阶段核心且常考的18个情态动词详解,每个动词均包含词性、核心用法及10组中英双语例句,助力理解和运用:
以下是初中阶段核心且常考的18个情态动词详解,每个动词均包含词性、核心用法及10组中英双语例句,助力理解和运用:
1. can
- 词性:情态动词(无人称变化,过去式为could)
- 核心用法:表“能力”“许可”“可能性(否定/疑问)”“请求”。
- 双语例句:
1. He can speak three languages.(他会说三种语言。)
2. Can I borrow your pen?(我能借你的笔吗?)
3. It can’t be true.(这不可能是真的。)
4. You can go home now.(你现在可以回家了。)
5. Can you help me with math?(你能帮我学数学吗?)
6. The child can ride a bike.(这个孩子会骑自行车。)
7. It can rain heavily in summer.(夏天可能会下大雨。)
8. You can’t play football in the classroom.(你不能在教室里踢足球。)
9. Can he finish the work on time?(他能按时完成工作吗?)
10. We can see stars at night.(我们晚上能看到星星。)
2. could
- 词性:情态动词(can的过去式,也可表委婉)
- 核心用法:表“过去的能力”“委婉请求/许可”“过去的可能性”。
- 双语例句:
1. She could swim when she was five.(她五岁时就会游泳了。)
2. Could you pass me the salt?(你能把盐递给我吗?)
3. He could be late for the meeting.(他可能开会迟到了。)
4. We could go to the park tomorrow.(我们明天可以去公园。)
5. Could I use your phone?(我能用一下你的手机吗?)
6. They could speak French before moving here.(他们搬来之前会说法语。)
7. It could snow this weekend.(这周末可能会下雪。)
8. Could you tell me the way to the station?(你能告诉我去车站的路吗?)
9. She couldn’t cook last year.(去年她还不会做饭。)
10. We could hear birds singing in the tree.(我们能听到树上的鸟在唱歌。)
3. may
- 词性:情态动词(无人称变化,过去式为might)
- 核心用法:表“许可(正式)”“可能性(比can弱)”“请求”。
- 双语例句:
1. You may leave the room now.(你现在可以离开房间了。)
2. It may rain this afternoon.(今天下午可能会下雨。)
3. May I ask a question?(我可以问个问题吗?)
4. He may not come to the party.(他可能不来参加派对了。)
5. Students may use dictionaries in the exam.(学生考试时可以用词典。)
6. The movie may be interesting.(这部电影可能很有趣。)
7. May I borrow your umbrella?(我可以借你的伞吗?)
8. She may be busy now.(她现在可能很忙。)
9. You may not smoke here.(你不能在这里抽烟。)
10. The train may arrive late.(火车可能会晚点到达。)
4. might
- 词性:情态动词(may的过去式,可能性比may更弱)
- 核心用法:表“过去的许可”“可能性(极弱,表推测)”“委婉建议”。
- 双语例句:
1. He told me I might use his computer.(他说我可以用他的电脑。)
2. It might rain tonight.(今晚可能会下雨。)
3. We might go hiking next Sunday.(我们下周日可能去徒步。)
4. She might not know the truth.(她可能不知道真相。)
5. You might try this new restaurant.(你可以试试这家新餐厅。)
6. They might have forgotten the meeting.(他们可能忘了开会的事。)
7. It might be cold in the mountains.(山里可能会很冷。)
8. He might call you later.(他之后可能会给你打电话。)
9. We might not have enough time.(我们可能没有足够的时间。)
10. She might be waiting for us at the gate.(她可能在门口等我们。)
5. must
- 词性:情态动词(无人称变化,否定式为mustn’t)
- 核心用法:表“必须(义务)”“肯定推测(100%确定)”“禁止(mustn’t)”。
- 双语例句:
1. You must finish your homework first.(你必须先完成作业。)
2. This must be his book.(这一定是他的书。)
3. You mustn’t cross the road now.(你现在禁止过马路。)
4. We must obey the school rules.(我们必须遵守校规。)
5. He must be very tired.(他一定很累了。)
6. You mustn’t talk in the library.(你不能在图书馆里说话。)
7. She must get up early tomorrow.(她明天必须早起。)
8. This must be the right address.(这一定是正确的地址。)
9. We must help each other.(我们必须互相帮助。)
10. You mustn’t touch the hot water.(你不能碰热水。)
6. have to
- 词性:情态动词短语(有人称/时态变化,过去式为had to)
- 核心用法:表“客观需要/不得不”(区别于must的“主观义务”)。
- 双语例句:
1. I have to go to the doctor today.(我今天不得不去看医生。)
2. He has to work on weekends.(他周末不得不工作。)
3. They had to walk home because the bus left.(因为公交车走了,他们不得不走路回家。)
4. She has to finish the report by Friday.(她必须在周五前完成报告。)
5. We have to wear uniforms at school.(我们在学校不得不穿校服。)
6. He had to stay at home because he was ill.(他因为生病不得不待在家里。)
7. You have to pass the exam to get the certificate.(你必须通过考试才能拿到证书。)
8. They have to wait for the next train.(他们不得不等下一班火车。)
9. She has to take care of her little sister.(她不得不照顾她的小妹妹。)
10. We had to cancel the trip because of the bad weather.(因为天气不好,我们不得不取消旅行。)
7. shall
- 词性:情态动词(多用于第一人称I/we,表将来或建议)
- 核心用法:表“将来(正式,同will)”“征求意见”“承诺/命令(少用)”。
- 双语例句:
1. We shall meet at the school gate.(我们将在校门口见面。)
2. Shall we go to the cinema tonight?(我们今晚去看电影好吗?)
3. I shall help you with your project.(我会帮你做你的项目。)
4. Shall we have lunch together?(我们一起吃午饭好吗?)
5. We shall start the meeting at 9 o’clock.(我们将在9点开始会议。)
6. Shall I carry your bag for you?(我帮你拿包好吗?)
7. I shall return the book next week.(我下周会还这本书。)
8. Shall we take a taxi there?(我们坐出租车去那里好吗?)
9. We shall visit our grandparents next month.(我们下个月会去看望祖父母。)
10. Shall I open the window?(我把窗户打开好吗?)
8. will
- 词性:情态动词(无人称变化,表将来或意愿)
- 核心用法:表“将来(常用)”“意愿/决心”“请求/承诺”“习惯性动作”。
- 双语例句:
1. He will go to Beijing tomorrow.(他明天要去北京。)
2. I will help you solve this problem.(我会帮你解决这个问题。)
3. Will you please close the door?(请你关上门好吗?)
4. The sun will rise in the east.(太阳会从东方升起。)
5. She will not give up easily.(她不会轻易放弃。)
6. Will you join us for dinner?(你会来和我们一起吃晚饭吗?)
7. They will finish the work in two days.(他们两天内会完成工作。)
8. I will always remember this day.(我会永远记得这一天。)
9. The phone will ring if someone calls.(如果有人打电话,电话会响。)
10. He will buy a new car next year.(他明年会买一辆新车。)
9. would
- 词性:情态动词(will的过去式,表委婉或过去习惯)
- 核心用法:表“过去的将来”“委婉请求/意愿”“过去习惯性动作”。
- 双语例句:
1. He said he would visit us.(他说他会来看我们。)
2. Would you like a cup of tea?(你想喝杯茶吗?)
3. When I was young, I would play basketball every day.(我年轻时,每天都会打篮球。)
4. Would you mind opening the window?(你介意打开窗户吗?)
5. She told me she would help me.(她告诉我她会帮我。)
6. Would you please pass the paper?(请你把纸递给我好吗?)
7. They would often go fishing on weekends.(他们过去周末经常去钓鱼。)
8. I would like to ask a question.(我想问个问题。)
9. He said he would come back soon.(他说他会很快回来。)
10. Would you prefer coffee or juice?(你更喜欢咖啡还是果汁?)
10. should
- 词性:情态动词(无人称变化)
- 核心用法:表“建议(应该)”“责任/义务”“推测(按道理应该)”。
- 双语例句:
1. You should eat more vegetables.(你应该多吃蔬菜。)
2. We should respect our parents.(我们应该尊重父母。)
3. The train should arrive at 8 o’clock.(火车应该在8点到达。)
4. You should not watch TV too late.(你不应该看电视太晚。)
5. She should study harder for the exam.(她应该为考试更努力学习。)
6. We should protect the environment.(我们应该保护环境。)
7. He should apologize for his mistake.(他应该为他的错误道歉。)
8. You should take an umbrella with you.(你应该带把伞。)
9. They should finish the work today.(他们今天应该完成工作。)
10. You should not be late for class.(你上课不应该迟到。)
11. ought to
- 词性:情态动词短语(无人称变化,同should,更正式)
- 核心用法:表“应该(建议/义务)”“推测(理应)”,否定式为ought not to(oughtn’t to)。
- 双语例句:
1. You ought to listen to your teacher.(你应该听老师的话。)
2. We ought to help people in need.(我们应该帮助有需要的人。)
3. The movie ought to be good.(这部电影应该不错。)
4. You ought not to tell lies.(你不应该说谎。)
5. She ought to take a break.(她应该休息一下。)
6. We ought to save water.(我们应该节约用水。)
7. He ought to be here by now.(他现在应该到这里了。)
8. You ought not to waste time.(你不应该浪费时间。)
9. They ought to follow the rules.(他们应该遵守规则。)
10. You ought to visit your grandparents often.(你应该经常去看望祖父母。)
12. need
- 词性:情态动词/实义动词(情态动词无人称变化,仅用于否定/疑问)
- 核心用法:表“需要”,情态动词后接动词原形,实义动词后接to do。
- 双语例句:
1. You needn’t worry about it.(你不必担心这件事。)
2. Do we need to bring our textbooks?(我们需要带课本吗?)
3. He doesn’t need to go there.(他不需要去那里。)
4. Need I finish this today?(我需要今天完成这个吗?)
5. We need to buy some milk.(我们需要买些牛奶。)
6. She needn’t come early.(她不必早来。)
7. Do you need to borrow my pen?(你需要借我的笔吗?)
8. They don’t need to wait for me.(他们不需要等我。)
9. Need he attend the meeting?(他需要参加会议吗?)
10. We need to clean the classroom.(我们需要打扫教室。)
13. dare
- 词性:情态动词/实义动词(情态动词无人称变化,仅用于否定/疑问)
- 核心用法:表“敢”,情态动词后接动词原形,实义动词后接to do。
- 双语例句:
1. He dare not speak in public.(他不敢在公共场合说话。)
2. Do you dare to jump into the pool?(你敢跳进泳池吗?)
3. She doesn’t dare to ask the teacher.(她不敢问老师。)
4. Dare he go out alone at night?(他敢晚上独自出去吗?)
5. They dare not tell the truth.(他们不敢说真话。)
6. Do you dare to ride a horse?(你敢骑马吗?)
7. He doesn’t dare to contradict his father.(他不敢反驳他爸爸。)
8. Dare she climb that tall tree?(她敢爬那棵高树吗?)
9. We dare not be late again.(我们不敢再迟到了。)
10. Do they dare to try the spicy food?(他们敢尝试辣的食物吗?)
14. used to
- 词性:情态动词短语(表过去习惯,无人称变化)
- 核心用法:表“过去常常做某事(现在不做了)”,否定式为usedn’t to或didn’t use to。
- 双语例句:
1. I used to live in Shanghai.(我过去住在上海。)
2. He used to play the piano.(他过去常弹钢琴。)
3. They didn’t use to eat fast food.(他们过去不常吃快餐。)
4. She used to walk to school.(她过去常走路去上学。)
5. We usedn’t to watch TV on weekdays.(我们过去工作日不常看电视。)
6. He used to collect stamps.(他过去常集邮。)
7. Did you use to play football?(你过去常踢足球吗?)
8. She used to have long hair.(她过去留长发。)
9. They used to go to the park every Sunday.(他们过去每周日都去公园。)
10. I usedn’t to like vegetables.(我过去不喜欢吃蔬菜。)
15. had better (had better not)
- 词性:情态动词短语(无人称变化,后接动词原形)
- 核心用法:表“最好做某事(建议,语气较强)”,否定式为had better not。
- 双语例句:
1. You had better go to bed early.(你最好早点睡觉。)
2. We had better take a taxi.(我们最好坐出租车。)
3. You had better not eat too much sugar.(你最好别吃太多糖。)
4. He had better finish his homework now.(他最好现在完成作业。)
5. We had better leave before it rains.(我们最好在下雨前离开。)
6. You had better not be late.(你最好别迟到。)
7. She had better see a doctor.(她最好去看医生。)
8. We had better prepare for the exam.(我们最好为考试做准备。)
9. You had better not touch that.(你最好别碰那个。)
10. He had better call his mother.(他最好给他妈妈打个电话。)
16. be able to
- 词性:情态动词短语(有人称/时态变化,同can,强调“通过努力能做”)
- 核心用法:表“能够(可用于各种时态,can仅用于现在/过去时)”。
- 双语例句:
1. I am able to swim.(我会游泳。)
2. He will be able to finish the work tomorrow.(他明天能完成工作。)
3. They were able to win the game.(他们能赢得比赛。)
4. She is able to speak English fluently.(她能流利地说英语。)
5. We have been able to solve the problem.(我们已经能解决这个问题了。)
6. He was able to climb the mountain.(他能爬上那座山。)
7. You will be able to pass the exam.(你能通过考试。)
8. They are able to work together.(他们能一起工作。)
9. She has been able to play the violin for 5 years.(她会拉小提琴已经5年了。)
10. We will be able to visit them next month.(我们下个月能去看他们。)
17. be going to
- 词性:情态动词短语(表计划或即将发生)
- 核心用法:表“打算做某事(计划)”“有迹象即将发生某事”。
- 双语例句:
1. I am going to visit my friend tomorrow.(我明天打算去看朋友。)
2. It is going to rain.(天要下雨了。)
3. She is going to buy a new dress.(她打算买一条新裙子。)
4. They are going to have a party.(他们打算开个派对。)
5. The sky is dark. It is going to storm.(天很黑,要下暴雨了。)
6. He is going to learn Japanese.(他打算学日语。)
7. We are going to watch a movie tonight.(我们今晚打算去看电影。)
8. The tree is going to fall.(那棵树要倒了。)
9. She is going to study medicine.(她打算学医。)
10. They are going to travel to Europe.(他们打算去欧洲旅行。)
18. be about to
- 词性:情态动词短语(表“即将发生,瞬间动作”)
- 核心用法:表“马上要做某事(不与具体时间状语连用)”。
- 双语例句:
1. The train is about to leave.(火车马上要开了。)
2. I am about to finish my homework.(我马上要完成作业了。)
3. She is about to sing.(她马上要唱歌了。)
4. They are about to start the meeting.(他们马上要开始会议了。)
5. He is about to go out.(他马上要出去了。)
6. We are about to have lunch.(我们马上要吃午饭了。)
7. The movie is about to begin.(电影马上要开始了。)
8. She is about to answer the question.(她马上要回答问题了。)
9. They are about to cross the road.(他们马上要过马路了。)
10. I am about to call you.(我马上要给你打电话了。)
来源:蒙古元素