CNN- 黑海对俄罗斯和北约为何如此重要？

摘要：Almost time for your 10 minutes of news, but first, I just want to say thank you.

Hello, sunshine.

你好,Sunshine。

I'm Coy Wire.

我是Coy Wire。

Almost time for your 10 minutes of news, but first, I just want to say thank you.

快到你们的10分钟新闻时间了，但首先，我想说声谢谢。

Our CNN 10 YouTube channel nearing the 1 million subscribers mark.

我们的CNN 10 YouTube频道即将达到100万订阅者。

You are awesome.

你们太棒了。

Today is #yourwordWednesday.

今天是#你的词汇周三。

One of the vocabulary words that one of you submitted helped us write today's show.

你们中某人提交的一个词汇帮助我们撰写了今天的节目。

So listen up.

所以请注意。

Lots to get to today.

今天有很多事情要处理。

Not a lot of time to do it.

时间不多，得抓紧了。

So let's get to it.

那就开始吧。

We start first in the Black Sea, a highly coveted body of water in wartime.

我们首先从黑海开始，黑海是战时非常抢手的一片水域。

The critically geostrategic body of water links Europe to the Middle East and Russia.

这一具有关键地缘战略意义的水域连接了欧洲、中东与俄罗斯。

The Black Sea region has been key to Russian President Vladimir Putin's efforts to restore Russian power and influence after the fall of the Soviet Union.

黑海地区对于俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京在苏联解体后恢复俄罗斯的权力和影响力的努力至关重要。

At its height, the Soviet Union was the largest country in the world and included countries like Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Estonia, Georgia, among others as Union republics.

在鼎盛时期，苏联是世界上最大的国家，包括乌克兰、白俄罗斯、立陶宛、爱沙尼亚、格鲁吉亚等其他国家作为加盟共和国。

Soviet policies leading to economic stagnation and the overextension of the military were factors that contributed to the collapse of the Union in 1991, leading Union republics to secede or withdraw from the Union as independent nations, ending the Cold War.

导致经济停滞和军事过度扩张的苏联政策是1991年联盟解体的原因之一，促使各加盟共和国独立脱离联盟，终结了冷战。

Since then, Russia has launched a series of military aggressions, first against Georgia in 2008, then its illegal annexation of the Ukrainian region Crimea in 2014, which was followed by the full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022.

自那时起，俄罗斯相继发动了一系列军事侵略行动，先是2008年对格鲁吉亚，接着在2014年非法吞并乌克兰的克里米亚地区，随后于2022年全面入侵乌克兰。

The Black Sea has been a key piece of geography in each of Russia's aggressions.

黑海在俄罗斯每次的侵略行动中都扮演了关键的地理角色。

It's where Russia operates its Black Sea Fleet, naval unit, which has disrupted shipping channels and gained control of the Kerch Strait, which connects the Sea of Azov to the Black Sea.

俄罗斯在此运营其黑海舰队，这一海军部队已扰乱了航运通道，并掌控了连接亚速海与黑海的刻赤海峡。

The NATO military alliance has increased its presence in the Black Sea in response to what it calls Russia's quote, continued aggression and destabilizing activities, unquote.

北约军事联盟为应对其所谓俄罗斯的“持续侵略和破坏稳定的活动”，已加强了在黑海的军事存在。

The alliance has stepped up its maritime cooperation with Ukraine and Georgia to halt Russia's incursions from moving closer to Europe.

北约加强了与乌克兰和格鲁吉亚的海上合作，以阻止俄罗斯的入侵行动进一步逼近欧洲。

CNN spoke to an expert who explains the Black Sea's strategic importance to Russia.

CNN采访了一位专家，解释了黑海对俄罗斯的战略重要性。

Because the Black Sea is so central to Russia's ambitions, who controls the Black Sea is going to be one of the key questions as to who is the key player in the 21st century.

由于黑海对俄罗斯的雄心至关重要，谁控制黑海将成为21世纪谁是关键玩家的关键问题之一。

From the point of view of Russia, the Black Sea has been most important strategically because it brings together three distinct security regions.

从俄罗斯的角度来看，黑海在战略上极为重要，因为它连接了三个截然不同的安全区域。

To the north, you have Russia and the wider steppes of Eurasia.

在北面，你有俄罗斯和更广阔的欧亚大草原。

To the south, you've had Turkey and the whole Mediterranean region.

向南则是土耳其和整个地中海地区。

And then to the west, you've had the European and Balkan areas.

而在西部，则是欧洲和巴尔干地区。

All of these have been key for Russia to try and control and extend its power, then to project its strength into the East Mediterranean and beyond that to the Middle East and even the Red Sea.

所有这些对于俄罗斯来说都至关重要，它试图控制并扩展其势力范围，然后将其力量投射到东地中海，进而投射到中东乃至红海。

During the Soviet Union, the Black Sea was often called the Soviet Lake because Moscow controlled effectively the whole coast, which meant that Turkey was the outstanding NATO member.

在苏联时期，黑海常被称为“苏联的湖泊” ，因为莫斯科实际上控制了整个海岸线，这意味着土耳其是北约中最为突出的成员国。

And this is why Turkey is so fundamental.

这就是为什么土耳其如此重要。

There's only one point of access which is controlled by Turkey.

只有一个入口点由土耳其控制。

With the end of the Soviet Union, the region has fragmented and we've seen different countries belonging to different alignments.

随着苏联的解体，该地区出现了分裂，我们看到不同的国家属于不同的阵营。

Joining Turkey now is Bulgaria and Romania, so NATO has been able to take control of this southern arc of countries and has been gradually enlarging to the east.

现在保加利亚和罗马尼亚也加入了土耳其，因此北约能够控制这一南部门廊的国家，并且一直在逐步向东扩张。

Under President Putin, one of the key goals has been to argue that Russia is a great power.

在普京总统的领导下，其中一个关键目标一直是主张俄罗斯是一个大国。

And so controlling the Black Sea has been instrumental for that.

因此，控制黑海对于实现这一目标至关重要。

First of all, he sought to take control of the South Caucasus, and we saw the 2008 Russia-Georgia war in which Russia essentially annexed South Ossetia and Abkhazia on the Black Sea coast.

首先，他试图掌控南高加索地区，我们目睹了2008年的俄格战争，俄罗斯实际上吞并了黑海沿岸的南奥塞梯和阿布哈兹。

In the second phase, we've seen Russia trying to project its force into Ukraine, starting in 2014, where Russia first of all seized the Crimean Peninsula, but also became involved in the fighting in East Ukraine.

在第二阶段，我们看到俄罗斯自2014年起试图将其势力扩展至乌克兰，首先占领了克里米亚半岛，并卷入了东乌克兰的冲突。

So in 2022, when Russia began its full-scale invasion of Ukraine, I think President Putin would have been quite confident.

因此，在2022年俄罗斯开始全面入侵乌克兰时，我认为普京总统应该是相当自信的。

He gradually extended Russian military strength down through the South Caucasus.

他逐渐将俄罗斯的军事力量延伸到了南高加索地区。

He built bases in the occupied areas of Georgia.

他在被占领的格鲁吉亚地区建立了基地。

He had military facilities in Armenia.

他在亚美尼亚建有军事设施。

Then he'd extended into Ukraine his military forces and he'd built up the Crimea.

随后，他将军事力量扩展至乌克兰，并在克里米亚地区进行了军事建设。

As a result of the intervention in 2022, NATO has responded quite dramatically.

2022年的干预行动后，北约作出了相当显著的回应。

All along what has now become the eastern flank of NATO, we've seen an increase in NATO forces.

在整个现已形成北约东翼的区域，我们见证了北约力量的显著增长。

And the really big change has been with Sweden and Finland joining the alliance, which means that Russia can now not really access the Baltic region in an effective way.

而真正的重大变化是瑞典和芬兰加入北约，这意味着俄罗斯现在无法有效进入波罗的海地区。

So the Black Sea region actually has become more important for President Putin.

因此，黑海地区实际上对普京总统来说变得更加重要。

He can't afford to lose the Black Sea.

他不能失去黑海。

And that's why I think the war will be really critical, not just for the Black Sea, but actually for the future of President Putin himself.

这就是为什么我认为这场战争至关重要，不仅关乎黑海的命运，更直接关系到普京总统本人的未来。

10-second trivia.

10秒趣闻。

Which ocean explorer is credited with inventing the first shark cages which allow humans to dive with sharks?

哪位海洋探险家因发明了首个鲨鱼笼而闻名，这种装置让人类能够与鲨鱼一同潜水？

Jacques Cousteau, Edmund Hillary, Sylvia Earle, or James Cameron?

雅克·库斯托、埃德蒙·希拉里、西尔维娅·厄尔，或是詹姆斯·卡梅隆？

Did you know it's Jacques Cousteau, the French ocean explorer and engineer, developed and used the cages to film sharks for his 1956 documentary, The Silent World.

你知道吗？正是法国海洋探险家兼工程师雅克·库斯托发明并使用了这些笼子，用于拍摄他1956年纪录片《寂静的世界》中的鲨鱼场景。

Now to a startup whose mission is to get people Living in the ocean.

现在介绍一家初创企业，其使命是让人类能够在海洋中生活。

The idea of people living under the sea has been around for quite some time, but it's remained a validity.

人们住在海底的想法已经存在了很长时间，但一直停留在理论阶段。

But that could soon change.

但这一局面可能很快就会改变。

Underwater villages, we've seen them in science fiction movies, maybe read about them in books, but now a company in the UK called Deep says it's going to make them a reality.

水下村庄，我们在科幻电影中见过，也许在书中读到过，但现在英国一家名为Deep的公司表示，它们将把这一设想变为现实。

Our Max Foster took a tour of the subaqueous habitats, which the company hopes will be housing people underwater within the next two years.

我们的马克斯·福斯特参观了这些水下栖息地，该公司希望在接下来的两年内能让人居住在水下。

Imagine living in a house like this.

想象一下住在这个样的房子里。

It looks pretty cool, if a bit out of place, and that's because it is.

它看起来很酷，虽然有点格格不入，而这正是因为它本就如此。

It's actually designed to be at the bottom of the sea.

它实际上是设计放置在海底的。

It's built by a startup based in the southwest UK with ambitious plans for humans to live underwater by 2027.

该建筑由英国西南部的一家初创公司打造，该公司雄心勃勃地计划在2027年前实现人类水下居住的愿景。

Our motto is to make humans aquatic.

我们的座右铭是让人类成为水生生物。

Not just certain humans, all humans.

不仅是某些人类，而是全人类。

So we know all this stuff about our solar system and beyond, but we don't know what's on the bottom of our own oceans.

因此，我们对太阳系及更远的宇宙了如指掌，却对我们自己海洋的深处一无所知。

I want to go live there so I can learn.

我想去那里生活，以便学习。

Jacques Cousteau's 1962 continental shelf system was one of the first experiments in underwater living environments.

雅克·库斯托1962年的大陆架系统是首批水下居住环境实验之一。

But DEEP's ambitions are on another scale.

但DEEP的野心则达到了另一个层次。

Their main focus is to facilitate scientific research, aiming for people to live and work around 200 meters down for 28 days at a time.

其主要目标是促进科学研究，旨在让人类能够在地下约200米深处连续生活和工作28天。

The designs for their larger Sentinel model include bedrooms, flushing toilets, and even hot showers.

他们较大的哨兵型号的设计包括卧室、抽水马桶，甚至还有热水淋浴。

But there's one big question that came straight to my mind.

但有一个大问题直接浮现在我的脑海。

What if there's a leak?

如果发生泄漏怎么办？

There are four possible ways of leaving the habitat in various types of emergency.

在各种紧急情况下，有四种可能的离开栖息地的方式。

Do you imagine one day towns, villages?

你能想象有一天会形成城镇、村庄吗？

Our sentinel habitat is a module.

我们的哨兵栖息地是一个模块。

Those modules can be bolted together so the possibility for subsea villages is absolutely there.

这些模块可以拼接在一起，因此海底村庄的可能性绝对是存在的。

Would people want to live there do you think?

你认为人们会想住在那儿吗？

I would, absolutely.

我愿意，绝对愿意。

To make the enormous parts required for the system, the company's developed a technique using welders on robotic arms.

为了制造系统所需的巨大部件，公司开发了一种使用机械臂上的焊机的技术。

The parts are built one layer of steel at a time.

这些部件是一层一层的钢建造而成的。

Every other breath we take is thanks to oxygen produced by the ocean.

我们每呼吸两次，其中一次的氧气便归功于海洋的贡献。

The ocean is a major carbon sink.

海洋是主要的碳汇。

Our goal is to help understand that and all of the other myriad ways that the ocean benefits us all, whether we recognize it or not.

我们的目标是帮助理解这一点，以及海洋以无数其他方式惠及我们所有人，无论我们是否意识到。

Today's stories, getting 10s out of 10, are twice the fun.

今日精选故事，满分十分，趣味倍增。

First, a rare wildlife sighting of one of the most elusive mountain cats on the planet, and Dictionary.com's competition celebrating 32 of the most iconic local slang words from all places all across the U.S.

首先，全球最难以捉摸的山猫之一罕见现身，成为野生动物观察的一大亮点；同时，Dictionary.com举办了一场竞赛，庆祝来自全美各地的32个最具代表性的地方俚语。各位，听好了。

Y'all, Yuns, you guys, listen up.

大家伙儿，乡亲们，你们听着。

They're going head-to-head, March Madness style, to be named MVP, most valuable phrase.

他们将进行一对一的对决，以疯狂三月的风格争夺MVP，即最有价值短语的称号。

Amazing footage captured in snowy northern Pakistan shows a rarely seen grouping of four snow leopards.

令人惊叹的 footage 捕捉到了在雪覆的巴基斯坦北部，罕见的四只雪豹群集画面。

The photographer who captured the stunning video says snow leopards are nicknamed ghosts of the mountains because they are hardly ever seen.

拍摄这段惊人视频的摄影师说，雪豹被称为山中的幽灵，因为它们几乎从不被看到。

He says it took him a week of tracking before finally capturing a precious look at this amazing leap of leopards.

他说，他花了整整一周的时间追踪，才最终捕捉到了这次令人惊叹的豹群跳跃的珍贵画面。

Yes, a group of leopards is called a leap.

是的，一群豹子被称为一 leap。

Any other day, it would be our word of the day, but...

换作平日，它本该成为我们的今日词汇，然而……

That honor is going to the winner of the Slang Showdown, an online competition courtesy of the loquacious lot at Dictionary.com, who got into the March Madness by pitting popular regional slang words head-to-head in a bracket-style competition.

这份荣誉将属于“俚语对决” 在线竞赛的胜者，这一竞赛由Dictionary.com上健谈的一群人发起，他们通过将流行的地方俚语进行一对一的淘汰赛，参与了这场“三月疯狂” 。

As the rounds passed, online voters weeded out silly slang like cattywampus, skedaddle, and chuckhole.

随着一轮轮的进行，网络投票者淘汰了诸如“cattywampus”（歪斜的）、“skedaddle”（快跑）和“chuckhole”（路面坑洞）这样滑稽的俚语。

And in the end, the West Coast's Stoked was bested by the South's y'all for the colloquial crown.

最终，西海岸的“Stoked”不敌南方的“y'all”，未能摘得俚语之王的桂冠。

Oh, well, there's always next year's Stoked.

哦，好吧，明年还有《Stoked》呢。

Y'all come back now, you hear?

你们听到了，回头再来玩啊？

All right, our vocabulary word of the day was submitted by our friends at Mayakamas Countywide Middle School in Napa, California.

好的，我们今天的词汇是由加州纳帕的Mayakamas县立中学的朋友提供的。

Vileity, a noun meaning a wish or inclination not strong enough to lead to action.