摘要：He *hardly* made *any* mistakes, *didn’t* he?

轻动词结构缺失‌

[误] She *made* a complaint the service

[正] She *lodged/filed* a complaint *against* the service

难点：需识别抽象动词与名词的语义绑定关系（complaint→lodge/file）

空算子移位痕迹‌

That’s the professor [Ø] I consulted *him* yesterday

必须删除"him"（consult为及物动词，关系代词作宾语隐现）

负极性副词误用‌

He *hardly* made *any* mistakes, *didn’t* he?

反义疑问句需用肯定式"did he?"（hardly具否定极性）

格位冲突（宾格主格化）‌

[误] It was *him* who solved the problem

[正] It was *he*

强调句型中代词需用主格（传统语法要求）

叙实动词反预期‌

I *regret* that he *will come* → *would come*

regret要求宾语从句用非现实时态（命题预设为真） ^[2020-44]^

语篇回指链断裂‌

The committee rejected the plan. *Such* stubborn attitude surprised us.

需改为"This"（such无法跨句指代名词短语） ^[2019-51]^

非宾格动词被动化‌

[误] The war *was occurred* in 1939

[正] occurred

非宾格动词（occur/arrive）禁用被动 ^[2022-39]^

孤岛约束违例‌

The issue which we debated *on* yesterday was complex

删除"on"（debate及物动词，which作宾语时介词冗余）

量化词辖域歧义‌

Every student loves *his* mother → *their*

避免性别指代争议（当代英语规范用法） ^[2021-49]^

缺位结构‌

This is the book [Ø] I enjoyed reading [Ø] without finishing [Ø]

三个空位必须共享同一语迹（缺位必须对称）

来源：洪宪教育