动词不定式的基本形式摘要:一些动词后面需要接动词不定式作宾语,常见的这类动词有 want, hope, wish, decide, plan, learn, agree, promise 等。
“to + 动词原形”,有时可以省略to。
它没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化,常见形式如下:
- 一般式:
to do(主动);to be done(被动)
- 进行式:
to be doing(主动)
- 完成式:
to have done(主动);
to have been done(被动)
作主语动词不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语动词之后,用 it 作形式主语。
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
(可替换为 It is not easy to learn a foreign language.)
学一门外语不容易。
作宾语一些动词后面需要接动词不定式作宾语,常见的这类动词有 want, hope, wish, decide, plan, learn, agree, promise 等。
I want to visit the Great Wall.
我想去参观长城。
She decided to study medicine.
她决定学医。
作宾语补足语在一些动词后面,需要用动词不定式作宾语补足语,来补充说明宾语的行为或状态。常见的这类动词有 ask, tell, want, encourage, allow, invite 等。
My parents always encourage me to study hard.
我父母总是鼓励我努力学习。
The teacher told us to hand in our homework on time.
老师告诉我们按时交作业。
作定语动词不定式作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词或代词后面。
I have a lot of work to do today.
我今天有很多工作要做。
Do you have anything to say?
你有什么要说的吗?
作状语动词不定式可以作目的、原因、结果等状语。
- 作目的状语:常用来回答 why 引导的问句。
He got up early to catch the first bus. 他早起是为了赶第一班公交车。
- 作原因状语:常放在表示情感的形容词后面。
I'm very happy to see you.
见到你我非常高兴。
- 作结果状语:常表示出乎意料的结果。
He hurried to the station only to find the train had left.
他匆忙赶到车站,结果却发现火车已经开走了。
作表语动词不定式作表语时,通常放在系动词(如 be, seem, appear 等)后面。
His dream is to become a famous writer.
他的梦想是成为一名著名的作家。
省略 to 的情况- 在感官动词(如 see, watch, hear, feel 等)和使役动词(如 make, let, have 等)后面,作宾语补足语的动词不定式要省略 to,但在被动语态中要还原 to。
I saw him go into the room.(主动)我看见他进了房间。
He was seen to go into the room.(被动)
有人看见他进了房间。
- 在 had better, would rather...than... 等结构后面,动词不定式要省略 to。
You'd better go home now.
你最好现在回家。
中考常见考点- “疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构:“疑问词(what, who, which, when, where, how) + 动词不定式”可以作主语、宾语、表语等。
I don't know what to do.
我不知道该做什么。
- 动词不定式的否定形式:在 to 前面加 not。
Tell him not to be late again.
告诉他不要再迟到了。
来源:Frankie英语云课堂