详细总结非谓语动词

B站影视 2025-01-06 21:52 2

摘要:构成与否定:基本形式为“to + 动词原形”,部分情况下可省略 to,否定式为“not to do”。例如:Danny decided to change his eating habits.(Danny 决定改变他的饮食习惯。)

一、动词不定式

1. 构成与否定:基本形式为“to + 动词原形”,部分情况下可省略 to,否定式为“not to do”。例如:Danny decided to change his eating habits.(Danny 决定改变他的饮食习惯。)

2. 常见用法

- 后接动词不定式的动词:decide, try, want, afford, agree, expect, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, refuse 等。这些动词后的不定式常表示打算、希望、计划等含义。例如:I want to go shopping.(我想去购物。)

- 形式宾语:think, find, make 等词后面用 it 作形式宾语,真正的宾语不定式后置。例如:I find it very useful to study every day.(我发现每天学习很有用。)

- 目的状语:to 本身可表目的,in order to 和 so as to 也表目的且更强调。例如:He sang a song to please her.(他唱了一首歌来取悦她。)

- 宾语补足语:在“动词 + 宾语 + 动词不定式”结构中,常见接不定式宾补的动词有 ask, advise, allow, encourage, expect, help, force, order, invite, teach, tell, want, wish 等。例如:They ask us not to run in the hallway.(他们要求我们不要在走廊里跑。)

- 与疑问词连用:不定式常和 what, which, when, where, how 等连词连用,在句中作主语、表语、宾语。例如:Where to live is a problem.(住在哪里是个问题。)The students should learn how to solve problems.(学生们应该学习如何解决问题。)

3. 特殊句型

- It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.:It took me a week to finish reading this book.(读完这本书花了我一周时间。)

- feel + 形容词 + to do sth.:She feels easy to learn English.(她觉得学英语很容易。)

- too...to...:He's too young to go to school.(他太小了以至于不能上学。)

- It's time to do sth.:It's time to have dinner.(是时候吃晚饭了。)

- It's + 形容词 + for/of sb. to do sth.:It's very important for parents to be there for their children.(父母陪伴在孩子身边是很重要的。)当形容词表示人的品质(如 nice, kind, right, wrong 等)时用 of,其他情况用 for。

二、动名词

1. 构成与否定:由动词原形加 -ing 构成,否定式为“not + 动名词”。

2. 句法功能

- 宾语:常见接动名词作宾语的动词有 like, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, imagine, keep, advise, mind, practice 等。例如:You should avoid drinking too much soda and juice.(你应该避免喝太多汽水和果汁。)

- 表语:His job is teaching English in a school.(他的工作是在一所学校教英语。)

- 主语:Singing is her favorite hobby.(唱歌是她最喜欢的爱好。)

- 定语:We should improve our learning English method.(我们应该改进我们的英语学习方法。这里的“learning”作定语修饰“method”,表示用途。)

3. 动词短语、形容词短语后接动名词:be busy doing sth.(All students are busy preparing for the exam. 所有学生都在忙着准备考试。);be worth doing sth.;get used to doing sth.;look forward to doing sth. 等。

三、现在分词与过去分词

1. 现在分词

- 构成与特点:由动词原形加 -ing 构成,具有主动和进行的含义。例如:The girl singing on the stage is my sister.(在舞台上唱歌的女孩是我的妹妹。“singing”表示正在进行的动作,且“the girl”是“sing”这个动作的执行者,体现主动关系。)

- 句法功能:可作定语(前置或后置)、表语、宾语补足语、状语等。例如:The running water is very clear.(流动的水很清澈。作定语);The story is interesting.(这个故事很有趣。作表语);I saw him running on the playground.(我看见他在操场上跑步。作宾语补足语);Walking in the park, I saw many beautiful flowers.(在公园里散步时,我看到了许多美丽的花朵。作状语)

2. 过去分词

- 构成与特点:通常是动词原形加 -ed(部分不规则动词有特殊形式),具有被动和完成的含义。例如:The broken window has been repaired.(破碎的窗户已经被修理好了。“broken”表示“window”被打破的状态,是被动关系且动作已完成。)

- 句法功能:同样可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语等。例如:The book written by Lu Xun is very famous.(鲁迅写的书很有名。作定语);I'm interested in the movie.(我对这部电影感兴趣。作表语);We had the house painted last week.(我们上周让人粉刷了房子。作宾语补足语);Given more time, I can do it better.(如果给我更多时间,我能做得更好。作状语)

四、中考真题例句

1. (2023 年某中考题)I'm looking forward to ______ (hear) from you soon. (答案:hearing,“look forward to doing sth.”为固定搭配,此处动名词作宾语。)

2. (2024 年某中考题)The teacher asked us ______ (not talk) in class. (答案:not to talk,“ask sb. not to do sth.”为固定结构,不定式作宾语补足语。)

3. (2024 年某中考题)______ (see) from the top of the mountain, the city looks very beautiful. (答案:Seen,“seen”是过去分词,此处作状语,与句子主语“the city”是被动关系,表示“被从山顶看”。)

掌握非谓语动词的关键在于理解其不同形式所表达的含义和用法,通过多做练习、分析例句来加深记忆,在中考英语中就能轻松应对相关题目啦!

来源:Xin神英语

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