摘要：以下是对本文附后的两张《逻辑单句实例表》及《明暗逻辑及其英语沟通参考表》之表格，带来英语逻辑思维高质量地写英语作文价值巨大帮助的阐述，然后以这两张表中若干典型句式和若干词语，写作一篇题为“我爱学习英语表达思想”的英语逻辑思维作文。

文/刘宝彩/天津

以下是对本文附后的两张《逻辑单句实例表》及《明暗逻辑及其英语沟通参考表》之表格，带来英语逻辑思维高质量地写英语作文价值巨大帮助的阐述，然后以这两张表中若干典型句式和若干词语，写作一篇题为“我爱学习英语表达思想”的英语逻辑思维作文。

一、两张表对高质量英语作文的核心价值点评

这两张表从 “句子结构” 和 “逻辑衔接” 两个核心维度，为英语作文提供了可落地的工具支撑，能有效解决 “写不出正确句子” 和 “文句无逻辑” 的常见问题。

1. 《逻辑单句实例表》：构建正确表达的 “基础框架”

价值 1：覆盖核心句式，避免语法错误表中分类清晰的 A（主系表）、B（主谓）、C（主谓宾）、D（主谓双宾）、E（主谓宾补）五句型，几乎涵盖英语写作的所有基础句子结构，且每个句型下的实例（如 A4 的 “The weather has become warmer”、E4 的 “The cold weather turned the leaves red”）能直接参考，帮助写作者快速掌握 “谁 + 做什么 + 怎么样” 的正确表达逻辑，减少句式杂糅、成分残缺等问题。

价值 2：区分主语类型，适配不同场景特别标注 “非人称主语”（如 A2 的 “A computer is a useful tool”、B6 的 “Rocks are going down from the mountain”），符合英语 “避免过度用人称主语” 的表达习惯，能让作文更贴近母语者风格，同时 30 个感知动词（如 become、turn、feel）的罗列，也为描述状态、感受提供了精准词汇。

2.《明暗逻辑及其英语沟通参考表》：强化文句连贯的“衔接纽带”

价值 1：补充逻辑多样性，避免衔接生硬20 个明逻辑词（如 therefore、because、in order to）解决 “只靠 and/so 连接” 的单调问题，50 个暗逻辑词（如 such...that、which 引导的定语从句、by doing 表原因）则提供了更隐蔽、更自然的衔接方式（如用“His success results from hard work” 替代 “Because he works hard, he succeeds”），让作文逻辑更“高级”。

价值 2：覆盖全场景逻辑，适配不同段落需求表中逻辑词涵盖 “原因 - 结果”“目的 - 方式”“条件 - 转折” 等所有写作高频逻辑关系（如 due to 表原因、so as to 表目的、without doing 表反面原因），无论是开头引入、中间论证还是结尾总结，都能找到适配的衔接词，避免“想到哪写到哪”的混乱。

3.综合建议

两张表需结合使用：先用《逻辑单句实例表》确保单句正确，再用《明暗逻辑表》串联句子形成段落。但需注意避免机械套用，比如同一逻辑关系可交替使用明、暗逻辑词（如 “因为” 可换用 because、as、due to），避免重复。

二、作文：I Love Learning English to Express My Thoughts

English is a powerful tool to help me share ideas with the world. This I was only to learn when I first joined an international online discussion group last year. Before that, I often felt stuck—my thoughts were clear in my mind, but I could not turn them into proper English sentences.

At first, I started with simple structures. I practiced basic sentences like “The plan of sharing my travel stories proved useful” (A4) and “I breathe, eat, and even think about English expressions sometimes” (B1). Slowly, I found that learning different sentence patterns made my expression richer. For example, when I wanted to talk about my favorite book, I no longer just said “I like this book” but used a double-object sentence: “This book gives me a new way to see life” (D1). This change made my thoughts more vivid, and my foreign friends began to leave more comments on my posts.

What truly improved my expression was mastering logical connections. I used to connect sentences only with “and” or “so,” but now I know to use words like “because” and “as a result” (明逻辑) to show reasons and outcomes. For instance, I wrote, “I spend 30 minutes reading English articles every day because I want to learn more useful words; as a result, I can now describe my feelings more accurately” (C4). Sometimes, I also use indirect logic, like “The joy of expressing myself clearly keeps me motivated to learn English harder” (A9), where the gerund “expressing” naturally links my feeling to my action (暗逻辑).

Learning English to express my thoughts is not just a task—it is a journey full of fun. Every time I successfully explain my ideas to others in English, I feel excited, just like the news that makes people happy (A9). I believe that as long as I keep practicing, my English will become more fluent, and my thoughts will reach more people around the globe.

三、清单提议

第一部分

为此整理一份“作文中用到的表内句式 & 逻辑词对应清单”，此清单会明确标注作文里每处句子对应的 A-E 句型类别（如 “I feel excited” 对应 A4）和逻辑词类型（如 “as a result” 对应明逻辑），方便清晰地理解如何将表中内容应用到写作中。

作文 “I Love Learning English to Express My Thoughts” 句式 & 逻辑词对应清单

一、句式对应（对照《逻辑单句实例表》）

作文原句 对应句型类别 匹配依据（参考表中句型定义 & 实例）

1. English is a powerful tool to help me share ideas with the world. A2（主 + 系 + 表 ） 主语 “English” 为非人称，表语 “a powerful tool” 是名词，符合 A2“非人称主语 + 系动词 + 名词表语” 的定义，与 A2 实例 “A computer is a useful tool to help people with work” 结构一致。

2. This I was only to learn when I first joined an international online discussion group last year. A1（主 + 系 + 表 ） 表语核心为 “to learn”（To + 动词），符合 A1“主系表结构中表语为 To + 动词” 的定义，与 A1 实例 “This I was only to learn later” 结构完全匹配。

3. The plan of sharing my travel stories proved useful. A4（主 + 系 + 表 ） 主语 “The plan” 为非人称，表语 “useful” 是形容词，系动词 “proved” 属于表中 “30 个感知动词”，符合 A4“非人称主语 + 系动词 + 形容词表语” 的定义，与 A4 实例 “The plan proved useless” 结构一致。

4. I breathe, eat, and even think about English expressions sometimes. B1（主 + 谓） 句子仅包含主语 “I” 和谓语动词 “breathe, eat, think”，无宾语或其他成分，符合 B1 “主谓结构” 的定义，与 B1 实例 “We all breathe, eat, and drink” 结构一致。

5. This book gives me a new way to see life. D1（主 + 谓 + 间接宾 + 直接宾 ） 主语 “This book”，谓语 “gives”，间接宾语 “me”，直接宾语 “a new way to see life”，动词 “give” 可转换为 “give sth. to sb.”，符合 D1“主谓双宾（可与 to 连用）” 的定义，与 D1 实例 “A teacher gave us an English lesson” 结构一致。

6. I spend 30 minutes reading English articles every day. D7（主 + 谓 + 宾 ） 谓语 “spend” 后接宾语 “30 minutes”，核心动作 “reading” 为动词 + ing 形式，符合 D7“主谓宾（宾语为动词 + ing）” 的定义，与 D7 实例 “He enjoys playing tennis” 结构一致（“enjoy playing”“spend reading” 均为 “动词 + 动词 ing”）。

7. Every time I successfully explain my ideas to others in English, I feel excited. A4（主 + 系 + 表 ） 主语 “I”，系动词 “feel”（属于表中 “30 个感知动词”），表语 “excited” 是形容词，符合 A4“主 + 系 + 形容词表语” 的定义，与 A4 实例 “It feels soft” 结构一致（“feel + 形容词”）。

8. The joy of expressing myself clearly keeps me motivated to learn English harder. E4（主 + 谓 + 宾 + 补 ） 主语 “The joy”，谓语 “keeps”，宾语 “me”，补足语 “motivated” 是形容词，用于补充说明 “me” 的状态，符合 E4“主谓宾补（补语为形容词）” 的定义，与 E4 实例 “The sun keeps us warm” 结构一致（“keep sb. + 形容词”）。

二、逻辑词对应（对照《明暗逻辑及其英语沟通参考表》）

作文原句中的逻辑词 / 结构 对应逻辑类型（明 / 暗） 匹配依据（参考表中逻辑词定义）

1. because（I spend 30 minutes reading... because I want to learn...） 明逻辑 属于表中 “三、因为→because ←原因” 的明逻辑类别，直接表示 “原因”，是明确的逻辑连接词。

2. as a result（...learn more useful words; as a result, I can now describe...） 明逻辑 属于表中 “八、所以←thus→结果” 的同类明逻辑（表中 “thus”“therefore”“as a result” 均为明确表示 “结果” 的明逻辑词），直接表示 “前文原因带来的结果”。

3. 非谓语结构 “expressing myself clearly”（The joy of expressing myself clearly keeps me motivated...） 暗逻辑 属于表中 “三十六、由于（独主）现在分词 doing，←原因 (结果)” 的暗逻辑类别，通过 “expressing”（现在分词）隐含 “‘清晰表达’这件事” 与 “‘保持动力’这个结果” 的因果关系，无明确逻辑词，属于隐性逻辑。

第二部分

基于这份清单，再补充一份“表内未直接匹配但可拓展的句式 / 逻辑词应用建议” ？比如针对作文中 “as long as” 这类表内未列的逻辑词，补充其对应的表内同类逻辑（如 “条件类暗逻辑”），帮进一步拓展表的使用范围。

表内未直接匹配但可拓展的句式 / 逻辑词应用建议

一、句式拓展应用（基于作文未匹配句，关联表内同类句型）

作文未匹配原句 拓展匹配的表内句型类别 拓展依据（关联表内逻辑，说明适配性）

1. I often felt stuck—my thoughts were clear in my mind, but I could not turn them into proper English sentences.（核心结构：I could not turn them into proper English sentences） C3（主 + 谓 + 宾 ） 表中 C3 定义为 “主 + 谓 + 宾（= 副词 +）”，实例含 “turn...into...” 类结构（如 “Put it here”“He took his hat off”）。原句 “turn them into proper English sentences” 中，“them” 是宾语，“into proper English sentences” 是介词短语作补语，符合 C3“谓语 + 宾语 + 短语” 的核心逻辑，可拓展归为 C3 的应用场景，突破 “仅表中实例才算匹配” 的限制。

2. I no longer just said “I like this book” but used a double-object sentence.（核心结构：I no longer just said “I like this book”） C4（主 + 谓 + 宾 ） 表中 C4 定义为 “主 + 谓 + 宾（=that 从句）”，实例为 “He explained（that）nothing could be done”。原句 “said ‘I like this book’” 是 “主谓 + 直接引语”，而直接引语本质可转化为 “that 引导的宾语从句”（I said that I liked this book），与 C4 “谓语后接从句作宾语” 的核心结构一致，可拓展作为 C4 的 “引语转从句” 应用场景。

3. my foreign friends began to leave more comments on my posts.（核心结构：began to leave more comments） B2（主 + 谓 + to + 动词） 表中 B2 定义为 “主 + 谓 + to + 动词”，实例为 “I am waiting to hear your opinion”“He awoke to find the house on fire”。原句 “began to leave” 是 “谓语动词（began）+to + 动词（leave）”，与 B2“谓 + to + 动” 的核心搭配完全一致，仅表中 B2 实例动词为 “wait/awake”，而 “begin” 属于同类 “接 to do 作宾语” 的动词，可拓展归入 B2，丰富该句型的动词适用范围。

二、逻辑词拓展应用（基于作文未匹配逻辑，关联表内同类逻辑）

作文未匹配逻辑词 / 结构 拓展匹配的表内逻辑类型（明 / 暗） 拓展依据（关联表内逻辑，说明适配性）

1. Before that（Before that, I often felt stuck...） 暗逻辑（关联表中 “四十六、由于→...when... ←原因”） 表中 “四十六” 以 “when” 表时间关联，隐含 “时间先后带来的逻辑关系”；原句 “Before that” 同样表时间先后（“那之前” 的状态与 “之后” 的变化形成对比），虽无明确 “原因 / 结果”，但通过时间顺序隐含逻辑衔接，与 “when” 的 “时间类暗逻辑” 本质一致，可拓展为 “时间先后类暗逻辑”，补充表内时间维度的逻辑应用。

2. but（...my thoughts were clear in my mind, but I could not turn them into proper English sentences） 暗逻辑（关联表中 “三十三、所以→This shows…relatively speaking, but, yet←结果 4”） 表中 “三十三” 明确将 “but” 归入逻辑词，表 “转折类结果”；原句 “but” 表 “‘想法清晰’与‘无法表达’的转折”，与表中 “but” 的逻辑功能完全一致，虽之前清单未匹配，但可直接关联该类别，同时拓展 “but” 的应用场景 —— 不仅用于 “结果转折”，也可用于 “状态对比转折”。

3. as long as（I believe that as long as I keep practicing, my English will become more fluent...） 暗逻辑（关联表中 “十九、因为或如果→...who, whose...(暗形式) ←原因或条件 2”） 表中 “十九” 以 “who/whose” 表 “条件类暗逻辑”；原句 “as long as” 表 “条件”（“只要坚持练习，英语就会流利”），虽无明确 “条件” 类明逻辑词（如 if），但属于 “隐性条件逻辑”，与 “十九” 的 “条件类暗逻辑” 核心属性一致，可拓展归入该类别，补充表内 “条件关系” 的逻辑覆盖范围。

总结：

《英语作文有“法” 从单句到逻辑 两张表格为考生筑牢写作底气 得高分》一文，表明：两张表对高质量英语作文的核心价值。

两张表从“基础句式构建”和“逻辑衔接强化”两个维度，为英语作文的逻辑思维落地提供了可操作的工具，是从“会写”到“写好”的关键支撑。

（一）《逻辑单句实例表》：搭建正确表达的 “骨架”

该表通过分类清晰的五句型（A-E），解决了作文 “句式错误、表达单调” 的核心问题，是高质量写作的基础保障。

覆盖全场景基础句式：A（主系表）到 E（主谓宾补）的分类，几乎涵盖英语写作中所有基础单句结构（如 A4 的 “非人称主 + 系 + 形容词” 适配描述，D1 的 “主谓双宾” 适配传递信息，E4 的 “主谓宾补” 适配补充状态），确保写作者能根据表达需求（描述、论证、抒情）找到对应句式，避免 “想到却写不对” 的问题。

适配英语表达习惯：表中特别标注的 “非人称主语”（如 A2 的 “A computer is a useful tool”）和 “30 个感知动词”（如 become、feel），贴合英语 “避免过度用人称主语、注重状态描述” 的表达逻辑，帮助写作者跳出 “中式英语” 思维，让句子更符合母语者习惯。

实例降低应用门槛：每个句型下的具体例子（如 B2 的 “I am waiting to hear your opinion”）并非抽象规则，而是可直接参考的 “模板”，写作者只需替换核心词汇就能迁移应用，大幅降低了从 “学句式” 到 “用句式” 的难度。

（二）《明暗逻辑及其英语沟通参考表》：串联表达的“纽带”

该表通过明、暗两类逻辑词，解决了作文 “逻辑松散、衔接生硬” 的痛点，让文章从 “句子堆砌” 变为 “逻辑连贯的整体”。

明逻辑词：解决 “逻辑模糊” 问题：20 个明逻辑词（如 because 表原因、therefore 表结果）直接标注逻辑关系，帮助写作者清晰传递 “因果、目的、转折” 等核心逻辑（如用 “as a result” 替代生硬的 “so”），避免读者因逻辑模糊误解内容。

暗逻辑词：提升 “表达自然度”：50 个暗逻辑词（如现在分词表原因、which 从句表结果）提供了更隐蔽的衔接方式（如用 “Expressing myself clearly keeps me motivated” 替代 “Because I can express myself clearly, I am motivated”），让逻辑衔接摆脱 “句句靠连接词” 的机械感，更贴近英语母语者的 “隐性逻辑” 表达习惯。

覆盖全场景逻辑需求：无论是开头引入（用 “due to” 表背景原因）、中间论证（用 “such...that” 表因果推导），还是结尾总结（用 “this shows” 表结论），表中逻辑词均能覆盖，确保文章从开头到结尾的逻辑链条完整无断裂。

编辑语：

《英语作文有“法” 从单句到逻辑 两张表格为考生筑牢写作底气 得高分》一文阐述价值——《逻辑单句实例表》与《明暗逻辑及其英语沟通参考表》是相辅相成的 “写作工具组合”：前者通过五句型为作文搭建 “正确表达的骨架”，确保每句话语法合规、适配场景；后者通过明 / 暗逻辑词为骨架注入 “连贯的纽带”，让句子间形成清晰的逻辑关系。两者结合，既解决了 “写不对” 的基础问题，又突破了 “写不连贯、不自然” 的进阶瓶颈。

在实际应用中，需注意 “灵活适配而非机械套用”：根据作文体裁（议论文用更多 C4 从句论证，记叙文用更多 B1 短句渲染）、段落功能（开头用 A2/A4 简洁点题，中间用 C4/D1 丰富层次）选择句式；根据逻辑关系（强调原因用 because，隐性因果用现在分词）搭配逻辑词。长期使用两张表，不仅能提升作文的质量，更能培养 “先想句式、再理逻辑” 的英语思维，从根本上提升英语写作能力。

附表一：《逻辑单句实例表》

使用五句型表达之一

A = 主+ 系+ 表

A 共九类句

A 1 = 主+ 系+ 表 （To + 动词）

例： This I was only to learn later. → A9-1-3-1

We are to be married in May. → A9-1-3-2

Nobody is to know. → A9-1-3-3

A 2 = 主 （非人称）+ 系+ 表 （ = 名词）

例： A computer is a useful tool to help people with work. → A9-2-1-1

A 3 = 主 （非人称）+ 系+ 表 （ = 代词）

例： This mobile phone is mine. → A9-3-1-1

A 4 = 主 （非人称）+ 系+ 表 （ = 形容词）

例： The plan proved useless (of no use). → A9-4-6-1

The weather has become warmer. → A9-4-6-2

The leaves have turned red. → A9-4-6-4

Please get ready to start. → A9-4-6-5

His dream came true. → A9-4-6-6

That will be plenty. →

It feels soft. → A9-4-6-3

A 5 = 主 （非人称）+ 系+ 表 （ = 从句）

例： The results are what we expected. → A9-5-1-1

A 6 = 主 （非人称）+ 系+ 表 （ = 介词短语）

例： The high way is without vehicles the day. → A9-6-7-1

The machine is out of order. → A9-6-7-2

The fruit is far from ripe. → A9-6-7-3

She is in good health. → A9-6-7-4

A 7 = 主 （动逻宾）+ 系+ 表 （To + 动词）

例： The house is to let at present. → A9-7-1-1

A 8 = 主 + 系+ 表 （动词+ ed）

例： Tom is excited about performance in Chinese. → A9-8-1-1

A 9 = 主 （非人称）+ 系+ 表 （动词+ing）

例： The news is quite interesting to you. → A9-9-1-1

30个感知动词：become look seem turn sound smell taste feel

keep appear grow fall go run come remain continue prove stay

rest tune out cause ring wear break lie paint polish follow is/are

非人称跟随的动词：occur increase trigger start prove rise take

air at help pose show work face have lose arouse cost fit agree with

belong to

使用五句型表达之二

B = 主 + 谓

B 共六类句

B 1 =主 + 谓

例： We all breathe, eat, and drink. → B6-1-4-1

The sun was shining. → B6-1-4-2

The moon rose. → B6-1-4-3

Fire burns. → B6-1-4-4

B 2 = 主 + 谓 + to + 动词

例： The good old days have gone never to return. → B6-2-11-1

I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him. → B6-2-11-2

Do you happen to know where he is? → B6-2-11-3

He awoke to find the house on fire. → B6-2-11-4

I am waiting to hear your opinion. → B6-2-11-5

I chanced to meet him in the park. → B6-2-11-6

How do you come to know that? → B6-2-11-7

They seemed not to notice it. → B6-2-11-8

How can I get to know her? → B6-2-11-9

She trembled to think of it. → B6-2-11-10

He lived to be ninety. → B6-2-11-11

B 3 = 主 + 谓 + 介词短语

例： I will arrange for a car to meet you at the station. → B6-3-10-1

I should not think of doing such a thing. → B6-3-10-2

He succeeded in solving the problem. → B6-3-10-3

He believes in getting up early. → B6-3-10-4

I rely on you to be discreet. → B6-3-10-5

I will arrange for transport. → B6-3-10-6

It depends on the weather. → B6-3-10-7

I rely on your discretion. → B6-3-10-8

Look at the blackboard. → B6-3-10-9

He called on me. → B6-3-10-10

B 4 = 主 + 谓 +（for）+ 补足语

例： The forests stretched (for) miles and miles. → B6-4-10-1

The thermometer went up ten degrees. → B6-4-10-2

He may live (for) many years yet. → B6-4-10-3

Will you stay (for) the night? → B6-4-10-4

We walked (for) five miles. → B6-4-10-5

They had come a long way. → B6-4-10-6

We waited (for) two hours. → B6-4-10-7

The rain lasted all day. → B6-4-10-8

It weighs five tons. → B6-4-10-9

It cost ten shillings. → B6-4-10-10

B 5 = 主 + 谓 + 副词（短语）

例： He will come as soon as he is ready. → B6-5-7-1

A chair will not stand on two legs. → B6-5-7-2

There is a book on the desk. → B6-5-7-3

We did not go anywhere. → B6-5-7-4

The sun rises in the east. → B6-5-7-5

We must turn back. → B6-5-7-6

Stand up! → B6-5-7-7

B 6 =主 （非人称）+ 谓 （30个感知动词）+ 介词短语

例： Rocks are going down from the mountain. → B6-6-4-1

She is falling in love with the boy. → B6-6-4-2

The plan remains in doubt. → B6-6-4-3

The path seemed at risk. → A9-1-3-3 B6-6-4-4

The rain lasted two days so heavily. → B6-6-4-4

使用五句型表达之三

C = 主 + 谓 + 宾

C 共十类句

C 1 = 主 + 谓 + 宾 （ = to 动词）

例： Did you remember to shut the windows? → C10-1-8-1

Would you care to go for a walk? → C10-1-8-2

Have you to go to school today? → C10-1-8-3

I have promised to help them. → C10-1-8-4

He pretended not to see me. → C10-1-8-5

He agreed to play for it. → C10-1-8-6

They decided not to go. → C10-1-8-7

He wants to go. → C10-1-8-8

C 2 = 主 + 谓 + 宾 （ = 名/代词 + + to 动词）

例： He has never known him to behave so badly. → C10-2-13-1

He allowed soldiers to take him prisoner. → C10-2-13-2

The teacher expects you to work hard. → C10-2-13-3

I told a servant to open the window. → C10-2-13-4

Please help me to carry this box. → C10-2-13-5

He likes his wife to dress well. → C10-2-13-6

I warned him not to be late. → C10-2-13-7

He wants me to be early. → C10-2-13-8

I asked him not to do it. → C10-2-13-9 expect, urge, force, encourage, inspire

C 3 = 主 + 谓 + 宾 （ = 副词 + ）

例： He treats his sister as if she were only a servant. → C10-3-10-1

They led me to believe there was no risk. → C10-3-10-2

He took medicine in order to get well. → C10-3-10-3

He brought his brother to see me. → C10-3-10-4

Put it here. He took his hat off. → C10-3-10-5,C10-3-10-6

I know the boy to speak to. → C10-3-10-7我认为男孩还不到与他谈话的程度

I employed her as a cook. → C10-3-10-8

I showed her to the door. → C10-3-10-9

He gave it away.→ C10-3-10-10

C 4 = 主 + 谓 + 宾 （ = that 从句）

例： He explained（that）nothing could be done. → C10-4-6-1

I suggest（that）he should leave early. → C10-4-6-2

He saw（that）the plan was useless. → C10-4-6-3

I suppose（that）you will be there. → C10-4-6-4

Do you think（that）it will rain? → C10-4-6-5

I hope（that）you will come. → C10-4-6-6

C 5 = 主 + 谓 + 宾 （ = 连接词 + to 动词）

例： I do not know whether to go or stay. → C10-5-7-1

You must remember when to begin. → C10-5-7-2

She was wondering which to buy. → C10-5-7-3

Will you find out how to do it? → C10-5-7-4

He is learning how to swim. → C10-5-7-5

I do not know what to do. → C10-5-7-6

I wonder how to do it. → C10-5-7-7

C 6 = 主 + 谓 + 宾 （ = 连接词 + 主谓）

例： Can you suggest where this ought to go? → C10-6-8-1

I wonder whether he will come. → C10-6-8-2

I wonder why he has not come. → C10-6-8-3

I do not care what you think. → C10-6-8-4

Please say what you want. → C10-6-8-5

Nobody knows whose it is. → C10-6-8-6

I do not mind how we go. → C10-6-8-7

Do you know who he is? → C10-6-8-8

C 7 =主 （非人称）+ 谓 + 宾 （= to be动词过去分词）

例： Your work needs correcting (= to be corrected). → C10-7-3-1

That needs explaining (= to be explained). → C10-7-3-2

It wants doing (= to be done). → C10-7-3-3

C 8 = 主 + 谓 + 宾 + to 短语

例： We showed the picture to our teachers. → C10-8-8-1

I don’t lend my books to anybody. → C10-8-8-2

He told the news to boys he met. → C10-8-8-3

I gave the money to my friend. → C10-8-8-4

I owe ten pounds to my tailor. → C10-8-8-5

He offered one to me. → C10-8-8-6

Throw that box to me. → C10-8-8-7

Bring that book to me. → C10-8-8-8

C 9 = 主 + 谓 + 宾 + for 短语

例： He bought a gold watch for his wife. → C10-9-5-1

Have you left any for your sister? → C10-9-5-2

She made a new dress for herself. → C10-9-5-3

Please get two tickets for me. → C10-9-5-4

Please save some for me. → C10-9-5-5

C 10 = 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 介词短语

例：What prevented you from coming? → C10-10-14-1

Add this to what you already have. → C10-10-14-2

They punished him for being late. → C10-10-14-3

Congratulate him on his success. → C10-10-14-4

Thank you for your kind help. → C10-10-14-5

Don’t throw stones at the dog. → C10-10-14-6

I explained difficulties to him. → C10-10-14-7

Protect us from the enemy. → C10-10-14-8

Ask him for some more. → C10-10-14-9

Compare this with that. → C10-10-14-10

She spends her days (in) reading and watching T.V. → C10-10-14-11

she leaves her child in the car. → C10-10-14-12

Put her in the embarrassing position.→ C10-10-14-13

Set the watch in the box.→ C10-10-14-14

使用五句型表达之四：

D =主+ 谓+ 宾+ 宾

D 共七类句

D 1 =主 + 谓 + （间接）宾 + （直接）宾（动词可与介词to连用）

例： Pupils wished their teacher ‘Good morning’. → D7-1-9-1

A teacher gave us an English lesson. → D7-1-9-2

Will you lend me five shillings? → D7-1-9-3

Have they paid you the money? → D7-1-9-4

His mother told him a story. → D7-1-9-5

Please throw me that book. → D7-1-9-6

He handed me the book. → D7-1-9-7

He denies her nothing. → D7-1-9-8

I read him the letter. → D7-1-9-9

D 2 =主 + 谓 + （间接）宾 + （直接）宾（动词可与介词for连用）

例： Can you get me a copy of that book? → D7-2-8-1

Will you do herself a new dress. → D7-2-8-2

Father bought her a new dress. → D7-2-8-3

She made you a cup of tea. → D7-2-8-4

Can you spare me a favor? → D7-2-8-5

Did you leave me one? → D7-2-8-6

Can you get me one? → D7-2-8-7

She ordered me any? → D7-2-8-8

D 3 =主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾

例： That will save me a great deal of trouble. → D 7-3-5-1

I envy you your fine garden. → D 7-3-5-2

I struck him a heavy blow. → D 7-3-5-3

He asked me a question. → D 7-3-5-4

Forgive us our sins. → D 7-3-5-5

D 4 =主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾 （that 从句）

例： We satisfied ourselves that the plan would work. → D 7-4-4-1

Please remind him that he must be here early. → D 7-4-4-2

I told the man（that）he was mistaken. → D 7-4-4-3

I warned you（that）he would be late. → D 7-4-4-4

D 5 =主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾 （ = 连接词 + to 动词）

动词后面可以跟带名词或代名词，及连接词（why除外）及to do不定式。

例： Patterns show you how to make sentences. → D 7-5-7-1

Can you advise me which to buy? → D 7-5-7-2

Tell me whether to come or not. → D 7-5-7-3

We showed him how to do it. → D 7-5-7-4

Please tell me which to take. → D 7-5-7-5

They told him when to start. → D 7-5-7-6

Tell her what to do. → D 7-5-7-7

D 6 = 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾 （ = 连接词 + to 动词）

动词后面可以跟带名词或代名词，及连接词所引导的不定式。

例： Can you tell me how to make sentences? → D 7-6-7-1

Tell me whether to come or not. → D 7-6-7-2

Can you tell me which to buy? → D 7-6-7-3

Please tell me which to take. → D 7-6-7-4

They told him when to start. → D 7-6-7-5

Advise her what to do. → D 7-6-7-6

Tell him how to do it. → D 7-6-7-7

D 7 = 主 + 谓 + 宾 （ = 动词+ ing）

例： Do you mind my staying a little longer? → D 7-7-10-1

Do you mind staying a little longer? → D 7-7-10-2

Please excuse my being so late. → D 7-7-10-3

She couldn’t help laughing. → D 7-7-10-4

Has it left off raining yet? → D 7-7-10-5

He keeps on coming here. → D 7-7-10-6

He enjoys playing tennis. → D 7-7-10-7

They went on talking. → D 7-7-10-8

I remember doing it. → D 7-7-10-9

Please stop talking. → D 7-7-10-10

使用五句型表达之五：

E =主+ 谓+ 宾+补

E 共六类句

E 1 = 主 + 谓 + 宾（名/代词）+ （to be）+ 补足语

例： The teacher thinks him (to be) the cleverest boy in the class. → E6-1-5-1

Do you consider her (to be) honest? → E6-1-5-2

They believed him (to be) innocent. → E6-1-5-3

We prove him (to be) wrong. → E6-1-5-4

I consider it (to be) a shame. → E6-1-5-5

E 2 = 主 + 谓 + 宾（名/代词）+ 补足语（动词）

例：They have never known him behave so badly. → E6-2-12-1

Did anyone notice the thief leave the house? → E6-2-12-2

I heard him come in. → E6-2-12-3

We saw them go out. → E6-2-12-4

We must not let the servant rest here. → E6-2-12-5

Would you have me believe that? → E6-2-12-6

Will you help me carry this box? → E6-2-12-7

I will have him do the work. → E6-2-12-8

They felt the house shake. → E6-2-12-9

I made him do it. → E6-2-12-10

Watch me do it. → E6-2-12-11

Let me go! → E6-2-12-12

E 3 = 主 + 谓 + 宾（名/代词）+ 补足语（动词+ ing）

例：We watch the train leaving the station. → E6-3-8-1

Can you smell something burning? → E6-3-8-2

I found him working at his desk. → E6-3-8-3

Do you feel the house shaking? → E6-3-8-4

They left me standing outside. → E6-3-8-5

I heard him giving order. → E6-3-8-6

I saw him running off. → E6-3-8-7

He kept me waiting. → E6-3-8-8

E 4 = 主 + 谓 + 宾（名/代词）+ 补足语（形容词）

例：The cold weather turned the leaves red. → E6-4-10-1

Can you push the door open? → E6-4-10-2

Don’t make yourself uneasy. → E6-4-10-3

Don’t get your clothes dirty. → E6-4-10-4

We painted the door green. → E6-4-10-5

They set the prisoners free. → E6-4-10-6

He wished himself dead. → E6-4-10-7

The sun keeps us warm. → E6-4-10-8

I found the box empty. → E6-4-10-9

Get yourself ready. → E6-4-10-10

E 5 = 主 + 谓 + 宾（名/代词）+ 补足语（名词）

例：They made Newton President of Royal Society. → E6-5-7-1

They chose Mr. Smith chairman. → E6-5-7-2

They named their son Henry. → E6-5-7-3

Men crowned Richard king. → E6-5-7-4

We called the dog ‘Spot’. → E6-5-7-5

He called them cowards. → E6-5-7-6

They elected him king. → E6-5-7-7

E 6 = 主 + 谓 + 宾（名/代词）+ 补足语（过去分词）

例：The soldier had two horses shot under him. → E6-6-8-1

Have you ever heard Italian spoken? → E6-6-8-2

King Charles I had his head cut off. → E6-6-8-3

Where did you have them printed? → E6-6-8-4

His action made him respected. → E6-6-8-5

You must get your hair cut. → E6-6-8-6

She had a dress made. → E6-6-8-7

They got her widely admired.→ E6-6-8-8

附表二：《明暗逻辑及其英语沟通参考表》

2种：一种明逻辑20；另一种暗逻辑50，即，2.70种 明逻辑、暗逻辑 词、语，其中：

包括20个（种）明逻辑 词语 归纳

一、所以→therefore... ←结果→于是→引起

二、由于→since←原因

三、因为→because ←原因

四、所以→thereby... ←结果

五、原因→as← (因为)

六、所以←so→结果

七、因为→for←(原因)

八、所以←thus→结果

九、为了→so as to ←目的

十、由于←due to→原因

十一、既然(因为)←since(原因)

十二、所以→hence (+ “the + doing + 宾语”) ←结果

十三、以期(以便)→... in order that...=,and

十四、因为(由于)→ In so far as…（连词）←原因

十五、因为→because of ←原因

十六、为此←for this purpose→结果

十七、为了→for sb. to do ←目的

十八、由于←owing to→原因

十九、由于←thanks to→原因

二十、既然→ now that ←结果

包括50种 暗逻辑 词语 归纳

一、原因←so+形容词(副词)+系（动词）+主语+ that...→结果

二、因为（由于）→in, under, to, of←所以4

三、因为←too +形容词 + to do→所以不...+ for…

四、因(而)→and ←结果

五、由于→...by, out of..., on... ←所以3

六、因为 → who ←原因

七、介词 of, with, to，in ... + which, whom→因为（所以）3

八、之所以(暗形式)→特定动词（arise from），←是因为...

九、所以说→...as it were...←结果

十、所以(为此)→... .This (It is this that)+ 谓语...←结果

十一、原因←such... that (as)...→结果

十二、由于→...This stop sb. from doing... ←结果

十三、因为→In contradiction with←原因

十四、因为→without doing..., finding it hard to do, rather than

Do not… out from ←所以4

十五、由于 (暗形式)→特定动词（make, encourage, inspire, allow, entitle）←所以2

十六、原因←so... that...→ 结果

十七、由于→with (the prospect of) , at service of sb.←所以2

十八、介词 (from, on, in, for, at）+ which...→为了（结果）5

十九、因为或如果→...who, whose...(暗形式) ←原因或条件2

二十、因为→... which, that (is why)..., where(暗形式)←所以3

二十一、因（由于）→to+ 名词( our delight, dismay, surprise)←所以3

二十二、以便→...不定式（to do）...目的结果 ←

二十三、由于（因为）(暗形式)→ ...过去分词（as）done...←所以→名词+过去分词2

二十四、因为（由于）→in+ 名词(despair, this respect, this case, need of, praise of…)←原因5

二十五、所以→ which, as ,that, who, where ←结果5

二十六、以便(所以)←... , so that...→目的

二十七、因为←：= because（冒号）——（破折号）→原因（解释）

= that is to say4；二十八、为此←for this reason, (that)…→结果

二十九、由于→...，as a result (of) ...(暗形式) ←原因

三十、所以→,which, this，This helps, keep，get， hit… ←结果5

三十一、以至于←副词或形容词to such an extent that…→结果

三十二、所以→...accordingly ←结果

三十三、所以→This shows…relatively speaking, but, yet←结果4

三十四、因为→...result in... = set sb a success(暗形式) ←所以2

三十五、之所以→result from, grow out of (暗形式) ←是因为2

三十六、由于（所以）→（独主）现在分词doing，←原因(结果)

三十七、因为→句1名词A=句2名词A（which）←原因

三十八、因此→句1名词A=句2名词A（which）←结果

三十九、因为→形容短语（(un)able, sure, likely to do…）←结果3

四十、因为(由于)→ …by doing…←原因

四十一、介词 (of, from）+ which...→因为（所以）2

四十二、所以←…that is to say…= :→结果= ——, two factors… One…the other…(= —— )=so 5

四十三、所以←… which means that…idea comes to (from) the fact that…for fear that…This makes a guess that…

The fact comes to that…→结果5

四十四、因(而)→and ←结果

四十五、因为→in+ an attempt to, one’s belief, thought, the rule, the hope that←所以5；

四十六、由于→...when... ←原因

四十七、由于 (暗形式)→特定动词（enable, cause, help，make），←所以3；

四十八、由于 (暗形式)→特定动词（lead in），←所以；

四十九、由于 (暗形式)→特定动词（give a rise in = give a rise to），←所以 2；

五十、A——B——C→因为B所以A；因为A所以C←顶针因果句，

如： She failed to acquire knowledge about Math in section one——she didn’t get up until at 8 o’clock this morning——she was unable to do homework successfully.

或表达为：

Without getting up until at 8 o’clock this morning, she failed to

acquire knowledge about Math in section one, that makes her unable

to do homework successfully.

总共：2.70种 明逻辑、暗逻辑 词、语。

来源：原创英语写作范文