摘要:一般来说,词尾带有 -ly 的词可能是副词,但也有例外,如 friendly(友好的)是形容词。如果一个词在句中能够修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句,并且表达时间、地点、程度、方式、频率等含义,那么它大概率是副词。
一、副词的定义
副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句的词,说明时间、地点、程度、方式、频率等概念。
二、副词的分类及常见例词
- 时间副词:now(现在)、then(那时)、soon(不久)、yesterday(昨天)、today(今天)、tomorrow(明天)。
- 地点副词:here(这里)、there(那里)、everywhere(到处)、anywhere(任何地方)、somewhere(某处)、upstairs(楼上)。
- 程度副词:very(非常)、too(太)、quite(相当)、almost(几乎)、enough(足够)、extremely(极其)。
- 方式副词:carefully(仔细地)、quickly(快速地)、slowly(缓慢地)、happily(高兴地)、badly(糟糕地)、easily(容易地)。
- 频率副词:always(总是)、usually(通常)、often(经常)、sometimes(有时)、seldom(很少)、never(从不)。
三、判断一个词是否为副词的方法
- 一般来说,词尾带有 -ly 的词可能是副词,但也有例外,如 friendly(友好的)是形容词。如果一个词在句中能够修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句,并且表达时间、地点、程度、方式、频率等含义,那么它大概率是副词。
四、副词的用法及举例
1. 修饰动词
- He runs quickly.(“quickly”修饰动词“runs”,表示跑步的方式)
- She sings beautifully.(“beautifully”修饰“sings”,说明唱歌的状态)
- They played happily.(“happily”修饰“played”,体现玩的心情)
- The dog barked loudly.(“loudly”修饰“barked”,描述狗叫的声音大小)
- He writes carefully.(“carefully”修饰“writes”,表明写字的态度)
- She danced gracefully.(“gracefully”修饰“danced”,表示跳舞的优美程度)
2. 修饰形容词
- This flower is very beautiful.(“very”修饰形容词“beautiful”,强调美丽的程度)
- The box is too heavy.(“too”修饰“heavy”,说明箱子过重)
- He is quite smart.(“quite”修饰“smart”,表示聪明的程度)
- The movie is extremely interesting.(“extremely”修饰“interesting”,加强有趣的程度)
- She is almost ready.(“almost”修饰“ready”,表明接近准备好的状态)
- The soup is not hot enough.(“enough”修饰“hot”,表示热度是否足够)
3. 修饰其他副词
- He drives too fast.(“too”修饰副词“fast”,表示速度过快)
- She speaks English quite well.(“quite”修饰“well”,强调说得好的程度)
- He can run very quickly.(“very”修饰“quickly”,加强快速的程度)
- They did it extremely carefully.(“extremely”修饰“carefully”,进一步说明仔细的程度)
- She arrived almost too late.(“almost”修饰“too late”,表示几乎太晚)
- The boy answered rather shyly.(“rather”修饰“shyly”,说明害羞的程度)
4. 修饰全句
- Fortunately, he passed the exam.(“Fortunately”修饰整个句子,表达幸运的情况)
- Suddenly, it began to rain.(“Suddenly”修饰全句,说明事情发生的突然性)
- Obviously, he made a mistake.(“Obviously”修饰整个句子,表明明显的状况)
- Hopefully, we can finish the work on time.(“Hopefully”修饰全句,体现期望的心情)
- Generally speaking, it's a good idea.(“Generally speaking”修饰全句,表示一般情况下)
- Actually, I don't know the answer.(“Actually”修饰全句,说明实际的情况)
来源:大明哥杂谈