小一笔记（9）：物流系统战略选择与定位

摘要：物流系统的战略规划是更大系统（如区域经济系统或企业系统）的战略规划的组成部分，其战略目标应与区域经济发展目标或企业的发展战略相匹配。物流系统发展战略的制定对物流系统具体方案的设计与选择有重要的指导作用，是物流系统规划中各种专项策略制定的基本依据。物流系统战略规

分享兴趣，传播快乐，增长见闻，留下美好！

亲爱的您，这里是LearningYard新学苑。

今天小编为大家带来文章

“小一笔记（9）：物流系统战略选择与定位”

欢迎您的访问。

Share interest, spread happiness, increase knowledge, leave a beautiful!

Dear, this is LearningYard Academy.

Today Xiaobian brings you an article

"Xiaoyi Notes (9): Strategic selection and positioning of Logistics system"

Welcome to your visit.

（一）物流系统战略的类型Types of logistics system strategies

物流系统的战略规划是更大系统（如区域经济系统或企业系统）的战略规划的组成部分，其战略目标应与区域经济发展目标或企业的发展战略相匹配。物流系统发展战略的制定对物流系统具体方案的设计与选择有重要的指导作用，是物流系统规划中各种专项策略制定的基本依据。物流系统战略规划的总目标是在保证物流服务水平的前提下，使物流成本最低化，实现最佳的经济效益、社会效益与生态效益，使物流系统可持续性发展。具体到某一物流系统，由于所处的竞争环境不同、环节不同或发展阶段不同，具有不同的发展战略。物流系统的战略类型主要有：成本最优战略、基于客户服务的物流战略、基于时间的物流战略、横向协同物流战略、纵向一体化物流战略、第三方物流战略、竞合物流战略、绿色物流战略等。

The strategic planning of the logistics system is an integral part of the strategic planning of a larger system (such as a regional economic system or an enterprise system), and its strategic goals should match the regional economic development goals or the development strategy of the enterprise. The formulation of the logistics system development strategy has an important guiding role in the design and selection of specific logistics system plans, and is the basic basis for the formulation of various special strategies in the planning of the logistics system. The overall goal of the strategic planning of the logistics system is to minimize logistics costs under the premise of ensuring the level of logistics services, achieve the best economic, social and ecological benefits, and make the logistics system develop sustainably. Specific to a certain logistics system, due to the different competitive environments, different links or different stages of development, it has different development strategies. The main types of strategies of the logistics system are: cost optimization strategy, customer service-based logistics strategy, time-based logistics strategy, horizontal collaborative logistics strategy, vertically integrated logistics strategy, third-party logistics strategy, competitive logistics strategy, green logistics strategy, etc.

（二）物流系统的环境分析Environmental analysis of logistics system

规划一个物流系统的目的是立足于物流服务市场，配置各种生产能力，使物流系统实现既定的目标。只有通过考察分析影响物流系统绩效的内在和外在因素、才能做出合理的规划与设计方案。

The purpose of planning a logistics system is to allocate various production capacities based on the logistics service market so that the logistics system can realize the established goals. Only by examining and analyzing the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that affect the performance of a logistics system can a reasonable planning and design plan be made.

影响物流系统战略定位的环境因素通常有以下几个。

There are usually several environmental factors that affect the strategic positioning of the logistics system.

1.物流服务需求Demand for logistics services

物流服务需求包括服务水平、服务地点、服务时间、产品特征等多项因素，这些因素是物流系统战略定位的基础依据。

Demand for logistics services includes a number of factors such as service level, service location, service time, product characteristics, etc., which are the basis for the strategic positioning of the logistics system.

短的交货周期，意味着需要采用快捷的运输方式或配置更多的仓库，服务地点和服务时间直接决定物流系统的物流网络配置及运输方案设计，产品特征影响仓储设备、搬运设备、运输设备等选择，同时也对选择快速响应的敏捷物流系统还是低成本的精益物流系统产生影响。

Short delivery cycle, means the need to use fast transportation or configuration of more warehouses, service locations and service time directly determine the logistics system of logistics network configuration and transportation scheme design, product characteristics affect the choice of warehousing equipment, handling equipment, transportation equipment, etc., but also on the choice of fast response agile logistics system or low-cost lean logistics system has an impact.

2.行业竞争力Industry Competitiveness

为了成为有效的市场参与者，应对竞争对手的物流竞争力，如竞争者的服务水平、物流资源配置情况、服务方式及理赔情况等做详细分析，从而掌握行业基本服务水平，寻求自己的物流市场定位，以发展自身的核心竞争力，构筑合理的物流系统。

In order to become an effective market participant, the competitors' logistics competitiveness, such as the competitors' service level, logistics resource allocation, service mode and claims, etc., should be analyzed in detail, so as to grasp the industry's basic service level, seek their own logistics market positioning, in order to develop their own core competitiveness, and construct a reasonable logistics system.

3.区域市场特征Regional market characteristics

物流系统中的物流网络结构直接同顾客及供应商的位置有关。地理区位条件、区域人口密度、交通状况、物流基础设施、市场渠道结构、物流成本、物流运作效率等因素都会影响物流系统战略定位的决策。

The logistics network structure in a logistics system is directly related to the location of customers and suppliers. Factors such as geographic location, regional population density, transportation, logistics infrastructure, market channel structure, logistics costs, logistics operational efficiency, etc. all influence the decision of strategic positioning of the logistics system.

4.物流技术发展Logistics technology development

在技术领域中对物流系统具有较大影响力的是信息、运输、包装、装卸搬运、管理技术等多种技术，其中物流信息采集与识别技术、物流信息交换与传输技术、物流信息存储与处理技术的应用对物流的发展具有革命性的影响，及时、快捷、准确的信息交换有助于随时掌握物流动态，因而不但可以用来改进物流系统的实时管理控制与决策，而且还可以为实现物流作业一体化、提高物流效率奠定基础。

In the field of technology on the logistics system has a greater impact on the information, transportation, packaging, loading and unloading, handling, management technology and a variety of technologies, including logistics information collection and identification technology, logistics information exchange and transmission technology, logistics information storage and processing technology application of the development of logistics has a revolutionary impact, timely, fast, accurate information exchange helps to grasp the logistics dynamics at any time, and thus can not only be used to improve the logistics system real-time management control and decision-making, but also can be used to realize the integration of logistics operations, improve logistics efficiency to lay the foundation for the integration. Therefore, it can not only be used to improve the real-time management control and decision-making of the logistics system, but also lay the foundation for realizing the integration of logistics operation and improving the efficiency of logistics.

多式联运、集装箱技术、优化运输路径选择等，提高了运输衔接能力和运输效率，机器人、自动化仓储系统、自动导向车系统、自动分拣系统等的使用，提高了物流节点的生产能力，增加了物流节点的物流输入和输出能力。

Multimodal transportation, container technology, and optimized transport route selection have improved transportation connectivity and efficiency. The use of robots, automated warehousing systems, automated guided vehicle systems, and automated sorting systems has increased the production capacity of logistics nodes and enhanced their input and output capabilities.

包装的创新，提高了物流操作效率，便于物流的运输、搬运、分拣，增加了货物安全保护能力，同时，提高了包装货品识别跟踪和管理能力。

Packaging innovation, improve the efficiency of logistics operations, facilitate logistics transportation, handling, sorting, increased cargo security protection capabilities, at the same time, improve the identification of packaged goods tracking and management capabilities.

5.社会经济发展Socio-economic development

经济发展水平、居民消费水平、产业结构直接影响着物流服务需求的内容、数量、质量。未来满足用户的需要，物流业的内容也在不断拓展、丰富，运输、配送、中转、仓储保管、装卸、包装、流通加工和信息服务等构成了现代物流活动的主要内容。为此物流系统应适合物流服务需求的变化，不断拓展其功能，以满足经济发展的需要。

The level of economic development, the level of consumption of the population, the industrial structure directly affects the content, quantity and quality of the demand for logistics services. In the future to meet the needs of users, the content of the logistics industry is also constantly expanding, rich, transportation, distribution, transit, warehousing and storage, loading and unloading, packaging, distribution processing and information services constitute the main content of modern logistics activities. For this reason, the logistics system should be suitable for the changes in demand for logistics services, and constantly expand its functions to meet the needs of economic development.

6.人力资源条件Human resource conditions

人力资源包括物流从业人员的数量、素质与结构。物流系统的建设与运营管理都需要足够的高素质人才，同时需要对物流人力资源进行合理配置和开发利用。人力资源条件会影响物流系统战略规划方案的选择，发展现代物流需要从战略高度重视人才建设。

Human resources include the number, quality and structure of logistics practitioners. The construction and operation management of logistics systems require sufficient high-quality talents, and at the same time, it is necessary to reasonably allocate and develop and utilize logistics human resources. Human resources conditions will affect the choice of strategic planning schemes of the logistics system. The development of modern logistics requires the strategic focus on talent construction.

7.政府与政策支持Government and policy support

物流运输法规、税收政策、通关效率、物流技术标准等都将影响物流系统的规划。在规划设计时，要考虑政策性的因素，如政府的物流政策、税收政策，以及法律、法规和发展规划等方面的要求，还要考虑环保因素，如废物排放量、污染程度、生态环境平衡等要求，同时，要遵循国家标准与行业标准。

Logistics and transportation regulations, tax policies, customs clearance efficiency and logistics technology standards will all affect the planning of logistics systems. When planning and designing, it is necessary to consider policy factors, such as the government's logistics policy, tax policy, as well as laws, regulations and development planning requirements, but also consider environmental factors, such as waste emissions, pollution levels, ecological balance and other requirements, at the same time, to follow the national standards and industry standards.

（三）物流系统的战略定位方法——SWOT分析法

Strategic Positioning Method of Logistics System-SWOT Analysis Method

物流系统战略定位的制定方法主要有SWOT（优势、劣势、机会、挑战）分析法、战略地位与评价（SPACE）方法、波士顿（BCG）矩阵、大战略矩阵等，其中SWOT分析法是较为常用的方法之一。

The main methods for formulating the strategic positioning of the logistics system include SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Challenges) analysis, Strategic Position and Evaluation (SPACE) method, Boston (BCG) matrix, grand strategy matrix, etc., among which SWOT analysis is one of the more commonly used methods.

所谓SWOT分析，就是对企业发展中的优势（strengths）、劣势（weaknesses）、机会（opportunities)和威胁（threats）进行罗列分析，并依照一定的次序，按矩阵形式排列起来，从控制或减弱不利因素影响、发挥自身优势出发，把各种因素相互匹配起来加以分析，进而得出一系列结论。优势、劣势主要是自身的实力和与竞争对手的比较，机会和威胁分析主要着眼于外部环境对企业的影响，从而将公司的战略与公司内部资源、外部环境有机结合。因此，明确公司的资源优势和缺陷，了解公司所面临的机会和挑战，对于制定公司未来的发展战略有着至关重要的意义。

The so-called SWOT analysis is to analyze the advantages (strengths), disadvantages (weaknesses), opportunities (opportunities) and threats (threats) in the development of the enterprise, and in accordance with a certain order, arranged in the form of a matrix, from the control or attenuation of the impact of unfavorable factors, to play to their own strengths, and to match the factors with each other to analyze, and then to draw a series of conclusions. Match the various factors with each other to analyze, and then come up with a series of conclusions. Strengths and weaknesses are mainly its own strengths and comparisons with competitors, while opportunities and threats are mainly analyzed in terms of the impact of the external environment on the enterprise, so as to organically combine the company's strategy with its internal resources and external environment. Therefore, clarifying the company's resource strengths and weaknesses, and understanding the opportunities and challenges faced by the company are of vital significance to the formulation of the company's future development strategy.

利用SWOT分析的主要步骤如下： ①对企业的内外部环境进行分析，罗列企业的优势和劣势、可能的机会与威胁。进行分析时不仅要考虑组织的历史与现状，而且要考虑组织的未来发展。 ②优势、劣势与机会、威胁相组合，形成相应的战略。这些策略包括SO战略（运用优势、利用机会的战略）、ST战略（利用优势、避免威胁的战略）、WO战略（克服劣势、利用机会的战略）和WT战略（使劣势降到最低和避免威胁的战略）。 ③对SO、ST、WO、WT策略进行甄别和选择，确定企业目前应该采取的具体战略与策略。

The main steps in using SWOT analysis are as follows: ① Analyze the internal and external environments of the organization, listing the strengths and weaknesses, possible opportunities and threats. The analysis should take into account not only the history and current situation of the organization, but also the future development of the organization. ② Strengths and weaknesses are combined with opportunities and threats to form appropriate strategies. These strategies include SO strategy (strategy to apply strengths and exploit opportunities), ST strategy (strategy to exploit strengths and avoid threats), WO strategy (strategy to overcome weaknesses and exploit opportunities), and WT strategy (strategy to minimize weaknesses and avoid threats). (iii) Screen and select SO, ST, WO, and WT strategies to determine the specific strategies and tactics that the company should adopt at this time.

今天的分享就到这里了

如果您对今天的文章有独特的想法

欢迎给我们留言

让我们相约明天

祝您今天过得开心快乐！

That's all for today's sharing.

If you have a unique idea about the article

please leave us a message

and let us meet tomorrow

I wish you a nice day!

文案|ls

排版|ls