小h漫谈（18）：国际贸易术语的概念及其作用

摘要：在国际贸易中，确定一种商品的成交价，不仅取决于其本身的价值，还要考虑到商品从产地运至最终目的地的过程中，有关的手续由谁办理以及风险如何划分等一系列问题。

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“小h漫谈（18）：国际贸易术语的概念及其作用”

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"Xiaoh's Ramblings (18):The Concept and Functions of international trade Terms"

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在国际贸易中，确定一种商品的成交价，不仅取决于其本身的价值，还要考虑到商品从产地运至最终目的地的过程中，有关的手续由谁办理以及风险如何划分等一系列问题。

In international trade, the determination of the transaction price of a product is not only based on its intrinsic value but also takes into account a series of issues, such as who will handle the procedures and how the risks will be divided during the transportation of the goods from the place of production to the final destination.

由此可见，贸易术语具有双重性。一方面它是用来确定交货条件，即说明买卖双方在交接货物时各自承担的风险、责任和费用；另一方面又用来表示该商品的价格构成因素。这两者是紧密相关的。

From this, it can be seen that trade terms have a dual nature. On the one hand, they are used to specify the delivery conditions, that is, to clarify the risks, responsibilities, and costs that each party bears when the goods are handed over. On the other hand, they are used to indicate the components of the product's price. These two aspects are closely related.

综上所述，贸易术语是在长期的国际贸易实践中产生的，用来表明商品的价格构成，说明货物交接过程中有关的风险、责任和费用划分问题的专门用语。

To sum up, trade terms have evolved from long-term practice in international trade. They are specialized terms used to indicate the composition of the product's price and to clarify the division of risks, responsibilities, and costs involved in the handover of goods.

了解国际贸易中各种现行的贸易术语及其相关的国际贸易惯例，不仅有利于正确约定交货条件和合理确定成交价格，而且也有利于在履约过程中正确运用和解释贸易术语，避免或减少争端，并按国际贸易惯例行事，以维护国际贸易的正常秩序。

Understanding the various current trade terms in international trade and their related international trade practices is not only conducive to correctly specifying delivery conditions and reasonably determining transaction prices but also helps to properly apply and interpret trade terms during the performance of the contract. This avoids or reduces disputes and ensures compliance with international trade practices, thereby maintaining the normal order of international trade.

贸易术语在国际贸易中的作用可以归纳为以下几点：

The functions of trade terms in international trade can be summarized as follows:

每种贸易术语都有其特定的含义，一些国际惯例对各种贸易术语也作了统一的解释和规定，这些解释与规定在国际上被广泛接受，成为从事国际贸易的行为准则。

Each trade term has a specific meaning, and some international practices have provided unified interpretations and regulations for various trade terms. These interpretations and regulations are widely accepted internationally and have become the code of conduct for engaging in international trade.

因此，买卖双方只要商定按何种贸易术语成交，即可明确彼此在货物交接方面所应承担的风险、责任和费用。这就大大简化了交易手续，缩短了洽商时间，从而节约了费用开支。

Therefore, as long as the buyer and seller agree on which trade term to use for the transaction, they can clearly define the risks, responsibilities, and costs that each party should bear in the handover of goods. This greatly simplifies the transaction procedures, shortens the negotiation time, and thus saves on costs.

由于贸易术语可以表示商品的价格构成因素，所以，买卖双方确定成交价格时必然要考虑采用的贸易术语中包含哪些从属费用，如运费、保险费、装卸费、关税、增值税和其他费用，这就有利于交易双方进行比价和加强成本核算。

Since trade terms can indicate the components of the product's price, when the buyer and seller determine the transaction price, they must consider which ancillary costs are included in the chosen trade term, such as freight, insurance, handling fees, tariffs, value-added tax, and other expenses. This facilitates price comparison and strengthens cost accounting for both parties.

买卖双方签约时，可能对某些涉及权利和义务的问题规定得不明确，致使履约中产生的争议不能依据合同的规定解决，这种情况下，可以援引有关贸易术语的一般解释来处理。所以，熟练掌握国际贸易中的各种贸易术语，有利于妥善解决贸易争端。

When the buyer and seller sign a contract, some issues involving rights and obligations may not be clearly specified, leading to disputes during the performance of the contract that cannot be resolved based on the contract terms. In such cases, the general interpretations of the relevant trade terms can be referred to for resolution. Therefore, being proficient in various trade terms in international trade is conducive to properly resolving trade disputes.

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