摘要：The Structured Method is a product of integrating top-down structured design, engineering-based system development processes, and
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“小h漫谈（25）：结构化开发方法”
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"Xiaoh's Ramblings (25):Structured Development Method"
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一、思维导图（Mind mapping）
二、精读内容（Intensive Reading Content）
结构化开发方法（Structured Method，SM）是将自顶向下结构化设计、工程化系统开发流程与软件生命周期理论有机结合的产物。
The Structured Method is a product of integrating top-down structured design, engineering-based system development processes, and software lifecycle theory.
作为当前应用最为广泛且成熟的开发范式，该方法由尤顿（E. Yourdon）与康斯坦丁（L. L. Constantine）于1978年创立，汤姆·狄马克（Tom DeMarco）于1979年进行了系统性完善。20世纪80年代，该方法论迎来了应用巅峰期。
As the most widely used and mature development paradigm today, this method was established by E. Yourdon and L. L. Constantine in 1978 and systematically refined by Tom DeMarco in 1979. It reached its peak of application in the 1980s.
该方法体系由结构化分析（Structured Analysis, SA）、结构化设计（Structured Design, SD）和结构化编程（Structured Programming, SP）三大核心组件构成，通过有机整合形成完整开发链条。其核心思想在于将复杂问题按阶段分解，采用自顶向下、逐层细化的分解策略，确保各阶段任务始终处于人类认知可处理的范畴。
The method consists of three core components: Structured Analysis (SA), Structured Design (SD), and Structured Programming (SP), which together form a complete development chain. Its core idea is to decompose complex problems into stages using a top-down, stepwise refinement strategy, ensuring tasks at each stage remain within the scope of human cognitive processing.
结构化开发方法的三大原则为：自顶向下分解、逐步求精优化、模块化设计思想。该方法以层次化分析为基础，依托数据流图、数据字典、判定表等图形化工具，结合经过实践验证的工程原理，强调系统架构合理性与开发流程规范性。在实际应用中，整个开发过程被划分为五个首尾相连的阶段：系统规划、系统分析、系统设计、系统实施、系统运行，这五个阶段共同构成完整的系统开发生命周期。
The three fundamental principles of the Structured Method are: top-down decomposition, stepwise refinement, and modular design. Based on hierarchical analysis, it uses graphical tools such as Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs), data dictionaries, and decision tables, combined with engineering principles validated by practice. It emphasizes the rationality of system architecture and the standardization of development processes. In practice, the entire development process is divided into five interconnected stages: system planning, system analysis, system design, system implementation, and system operation, which together form the complete system development lifecycle.
结构化开发方法的关键思想就是通过功能分解来减少程序设计的复杂性，并且增加软件的可重用性，以减少开发和维护的费用。
The key idea of the Structured Method is to reduce the complexity of program design and increase software reusability through functional decomposition, thereby reducing development and maintenance costs.
结构化开发方法的优点：
Advantages of the Structured Method:
1.从系统整体出发，强调在整体优化的条件下自上而下地分析和设计，保证了系统的整体性和目标的一致性。
Starting from the overall system, it emphasizes top-down analysis and design under the condition of overall optimization, ensuring the system's integrity and consistency of objectives.
2.强调功能抽象和模块化，采取分块处理问题的方法，把一个比较复杂的问题分解为若千容易处理的部分，降低了问题处理的难度。
It emphasizes functional abstraction and modularization, adopting a problem-solving approach that breaks down complex problems into several manageable parts, reducing the difficulty of handling them.
3.严格区分系统开发的工作阶段，及时总结每一阶段的工作，发现问题后及时反馈和纠正，避免造成浪费和混乱。每一阶段的工作成果是下一阶段的依据，便于系统开发的管理和控制。
It strictly distinguishes the working stages of system development, summarizing the work of each stage in a timely manner, and providing prompt feedback and correction when problems are found, avoiding waste and confusion. The outcomes of each stage serve as the basis for the next stage, facilitating the management and control of system development.
4.按工程标准建立标准化的文档资料，大大简化了编程人员繁杂的工作，也有利于软件后期的维护。
By establishing standardized documentation in accordance with engineering standards, it greatly simplifies the complex work of programmers and is also beneficial for the maintenance of software in the later stage.
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