论文《考虑公平关切的供应链契约与协调》基本模型

摘要：This issue of tweets will introduce the basic model of the intensive reading journal article "Supply Chain Coordination Considerin

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"Zhexue (133): Intensive reading of journal articles

"Supply Chain Coordination Considering Fairness Concerns "

basic model."

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本期推文将从思维导图、精读内容、知识补充三个方面介绍精读期刊论文《考虑公平关切的供应链契约与协调》的基本模型。

This issue of tweets will introduce the basic model of the intensive reading journal article "Supply Chain Coordination Considering Fairness Concerns " from three aspects: Mind map, intensive reading content, and knowledge supplement.

一、思维导图（Mind Maps）

二、精读内容（Intensive reading content）

(1)假设和符号说明(Assumptions and Notation)

这段内容基于报童模型，描述了一个由供应商和零售商组成的供应链，零售商面对随机需求的单周期市场。市场需求 D 服从概率密度函数 f(⋅) 和累积分布函数 F(⋅)，均值为 μ。零售商在销售季节开始前订购产品，订购量为 q，销售价格为 p。供应商的单位生产成本为 cs，零售商的边际成本为 cr，总成本 c=cs+cr 且c

This section is based on the Newsboy Model and describes a supply chain consisting of suppliers and retailers, who face a single-period market with random demand. The market demand D obeys the probability density function f(⋅) and the cumulative distribution function F(⋅), with mean μ. The retailer orders products before the start of the sales season, with an order quantity of q and a selling price of p. The supplier's unit production cost is cs, the retailer's marginal cost is cr, and the total cost is c=cs+cr and c

(2)模型分析(Model Analysis)

文章分析了供应链中的Stackelberg博弈模型，其中供应商作为领导者制定契约规则，零售商作为跟随者决定订购量。零售商的期望利润考虑了销售价格、残值、缺货惩罚和转移支付等因素。供应商的期望利润则涉及转移支付、生产成本和缺货损失。整个供应链的期望利润是零售商和供应商利润的总和。系统最优订购量由一阶条件确定，确保利润最大化。由于利润函数的凹性，最优订购量是唯一的。

This paper analyzes the Stackelberg game model in the supply chain, where the supplier as the leader sets the contract rules and the retailer as the follower determines the order quantity. The expected profit of the retailer takes into account factors such as sales price, residual value, out-of-stock penalty and transfer payment. The expected profit of the supplier involves transfer payment, production cost and out-of-stock loss. The expected profit of the entire supply chain is the sum of the profits of the retailer and the supplier. The optimal order quantity of the system is determined by the first-order condition to ensure profit maximization. Due to the concavity of the profit function, the optimal order quantity is unique.

三、知识补充（Knowledge supplement）

供应链管理中有许多关键指标，以下是一些常见的关键指标：

There are many key indicators in supply chain management. Here are some common key indicators:

1.采购成本：这是衡量采购活动经济效益的核心指标。它包括原材料采购价格、运输成本、关税等所有与采购相关的费用。例如，一家汽车制造企业，其钢材采购成本的高低会直接影响汽车的生产成本。通过与供应商谈判、批量采购等方式降低采购成本，是企业获取竞争优势的重要手段。

1. Procurement cost: This is the core indicator to measure the economic benefits of procurement activities. It includes all procurement-related costs such as raw material procurement prices, transportation costs, and tariffs. For example, for an automobile manufacturer, the high or low cost of steel procurement will directly affect the production cost of the car. Reducing procurement costs through negotiations with suppliers, bulk procurement, etc. is an important means for enterprises to gain competitive advantages.

2.采购周期：指从采购需求提出到货物验收合格入库的时间。较短的采购周期有助于企业快速响应市场需求。比如在快消品行业，新品推出频繁，如果采购周期过长，可能会导致产品上市延迟。一般可以通过优化采购流程、与供应商建立更紧密的合作关系来缩短采购周期。

2. Procurement cycle: refers to the time from the proposal of procurement requirements to the acceptance of qualified goods into the warehouse. A shorter procurement cycle helps companies respond quickly to market demand. For example, in the fast-moving consumer goods industry, new products are launched frequently. If the procurement cycle is too long, it may cause product launch delays. Generally, the procurement cycle can be shortened by optimizing the procurement process and establishing a closer cooperative relationship with suppliers.

3.库存周转率：库存周转率=销售成本÷平均库存余额。这个指标体现了库存资产的周转速度。例如，一家服装零售企业，库存周转率高意味着其服装销售情况良好，库存积压少。较高的库存周转率可以降低库存持有成本，包括仓储费用、资金占用成本等。

3. Inventory turnover rate: Inventory turnover rate = sales cost ÷ average inventory balance. This indicator reflects the turnover speed of inventory assets. For example, for a clothing retail company, a high inventory turnover rate means that its clothing sales are good and there is less inventory backlog. A higher inventory turnover rate can reduce inventory holding costs, including warehousing costs, capital occupation costs, etc.

4.库存准确率：是指实际库存数量与系统记录库存数量相符的比例。准确的库存数据对于企业进行库存管理和补货决策至关重要。比如在超市行业，如果库存数据不准确，可能会导致商品缺货或积压过多。通过采用先进的库存管理系统和定期盘点，可以提高库存准确率。

4. Inventory accuracy: refers to the ratio of the actual inventory quantity to the inventory quantity recorded in the system. Accurate inventory data is crucial for enterprises to make inventory management and replenishment decisions. For example, in the supermarket industry, if the inventory data is inaccurate, it may lead to out-of-stock or overstocking of goods. The inventory accuracy can be improved by adopting advanced inventory management systems and regular inventory checks.

5.运输成本：包括运输费用、装卸费用、保险费用等。降低运输成本是企业提高物流效率的重要目标。例如，采用集中配送的方式，将多个订单的货物集中运输，可以降低单位运输成本。同时，合理选择运输方式（如公路、铁路、航空等）也可以影响运输成本。

5. Transportation costs: including transportation costs, loading and unloading costs, insurance costs, etc. Reducing transportation costs is an important goal for enterprises to improve Logistics efficiency. For example, using centralized distribution to transport goods for multiple orders together can reduce unit transportation costs. At the same time, a reasonable choice of transportation methods (such as roads, railways, aviation, etc.) can also affect transportation costs.

6.货物完好率：是指完好无损送达的货物数量占总发货数量的比例。对于易碎品、高价值商品等，货物完好率尤为重要。物流企业需要采取合适的包装、装卸和运输方式来确保货物的完整性。例如，在运输玻璃制品时，需要使用特殊的缓冲包装材料，并且在装卸过程中要小心操作。

6. Goods integrity rate: refers to the proportion of goods delivered intact to the total number of shipments. For fragile goods, high-value goods, etc., the integrity rate of goods is particularly important. Logistics companies need to adopt appropriate packaging, loading and unloading and transportation methods to ensure the integrity of the goods. For example, when transporting glass products, special cushioning packaging materials are required, and careful operation is required during loading and unloading.

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翻译：谷歌翻译

参考资料：谷歌、Chat GPT

参考文献：杜少甫, 杜婵, 梁樑, 刘天卓. 考虑公平关切的供应链契约与协调 [J], 管理科学学报, 2010, 13(11): 41-48.