秦皇岛海碧台二期，萨夫迪建筑事务所完成迄今最大的 “栖息地”

摘要：从1967年一鸣惊人的“栖息地67”，到在以色列、波多黎各、美国纽约等地不断演进的“栖息地”系列构想，再到21世纪在新加坡、中国等东亚地区落地生根的建筑实践——建筑师摩西·萨夫迪用半个多世纪的坚持，持续践行着“一人一花园”的人居理想，探索着“栖息地”理念的无限

从1967年一鸣惊人的“栖息地67”，到在以色列、波多黎各、美国纽约等地不断演进的“栖息地”系列构想，再到21世纪在新加坡、中国等东亚地区落地生根的建筑实践——建筑师摩西·萨夫迪用半个多世纪的坚持，持续践行着“一人一花园”的人居理想，探索着“栖息地”理念的无限可能。

作为迄今规模最大的实践案例，秦皇岛海碧台不仅完美诠释了“栖息地67”所开创的设计原则与人文思考，更以宏大的建筑尺度，印证了这一理念在当代背景下的适应性与可扩展性，为人性化的高密度人居提供了新的解决方案。

以下内容编译自world-architects.com

作者：John Hill

中国秦皇岛海碧台二期

萨夫迪建筑事务所完成迄今最大的
“栖息地”项目

Phase 2 of Habitat Qinhuangdao in China

Safdie Architects Completes Its Largest Habitat

萨夫迪建筑事务所和嘉里建设携手宣布，秦皇岛海碧台二期全线建成。该项目位于北京以东320公里的渤海沿岸，由1800套住宅组成，占地16公顷。

Safdie Architects and Kerry Properties have announced the completion of the second phase of Habitat Qinhuangdao, a complex on the coast of the Bohai Sea, 200 miles (320 km) east of Beijing, China, that consists of 1,800 residences spread across 40 acres (16 hectares).

秦皇岛海碧台实景

拍摄：邵峰；图片由萨夫迪建筑事务所提供

Habitat Qinhuangdao
Photo: Shao Feng, courtesy of Safdie Architects

与大多数典型的建筑师相比，摩西·萨夫迪的发展轨迹显得与众不同。他的第一个建筑实践并非室内设计、独栋住宅或其他小型项目，而是基于他22岁时在麦吉尔大学的本科毕业论文，最终建成了一个由354个预制混凝土模块堆叠而成、包含150多套公寓的大型综合体——栖息地67（Habitat '67）。

实际上，萨夫迪对“栖息地”的最初构想更为宏大，设计了1200个住宅单元；随后，他凭借栖息地67而声名远扬，得以在以色列、波多黎各乃至曼哈顿扩大实践，探索类似规模但不同版本的“栖息地”项目。尽管这些方案最终未能实现，但萨夫迪仍坚持“栖息地”研究。他在本世纪重新审视了其设计原则（发布“未来栖息地”研究），并将其应用于中国、新加坡和东亚其他地区的项目中。

而这些正处于建设热潮的地区接纳了他关于 “栖息地”的核心理念：人性化的尺度、可扩展的建造方式、充足的自然采光和通风，以及为每位居民提供户外空间。（最后一点已成为萨夫迪的设计宣言，也是他1974年出版物的书名，即“一人一花园”）。

Moshe Safdie's trajectory has been atypical compared to most architects. Instead of starting with interiors, houses, and other small projects and eventually moving to large-scale projects, Safdie's first building — based as it was on his thesis as a 22-year-old undergrad at McGill University — was Habitat 67, a complex of more than 150 apartments contained within mountainous stacks of 354 prefabricated concrete modules.

His first scheme, with 1,200 units, was even more ambitious, and the popularity of Habitat 67 allowed Safdie to explore equally large variations of his Habitat system for Israel, Puerto Rico, and even Manhattan.

These schemes remained unbuilt, but Safdie revisited the Habitat principles this century and subsequently applied them to projects in China, Singapore, and other parts of East Asia undergoing building booms and receptive to the ideas at the core of Habitat: human scale, scalability of construction, abundant natural light and ventilation, and the provision of outdoor spaces for each resident (the last is often summed up in Safdie's much-repeated statement, also the title of his 1974 book, “For Everyone a Garden”).

秦皇岛海碧台设计模型2015年在纽约国家设计院博物馆展出

展览 | 世界公民：摩西·萨夫迪的建筑

（照片：John Hill/World-Architects）

Photo of Habitat Qinhuangdao in the Global Citizen: The Architecture of Moshe Safdie exhibition at the National Academy Museum in 2015 (Photo: John Hill/World-Architects)

秦皇岛海碧台一期于2016年正式落成，而在这一里程碑事件成为新闻焦点之前，World-Architects已提前窥见了萨夫迪建筑事务所与嘉里建设对整个项目的宏伟构想。

在巡回展览“全球公民：摩西·萨夫迪的建筑”中，一个巨大的模型展示出该项目的设计方案：整个建筑由L形和三角形住宅模块组成，每组模块约20层高，垂直堆叠三组，其露台和中庭朝东和朝南，面向海滩。墙面的照片还展示了设计的精细之处，表明这并非只是一个愿景——中国市场正帮助萨夫迪实现他半个世纪前的“栖息地”理想。

如今，随着秦皇岛海碧台二期的完成，整个项目的规模较一期扩大了一倍有余。尽管现在每组住宅模块仅有16层高，且仅堆叠两组，但其规模依然宏大，而建筑错落有致的退台设计也使它从周围常见的板式和塔楼住宅群中脱颖而出。

The first phase of Habitat Qinhuangdao opened in 2016, but just before that milestone made news, World-Architects got a peek at what Safdie Architects and Kerry Properties had envisioned for the whole development.

A model of the scheme in the traveling exhibition Global Citizen: The Architecture of Moshe Safdie showed roughly twenty-story rectilinear and triangular blocks stacked three-high, their terraces and atria oriented south and east, toward the beach. Photos on the wall revealed the refinements of the design and the fact it was more than just visionary: China was helping Safdie make good on his Habitat ambitions from a half-century earlier.

Now, with the completion of the second phase of Habitat Qinhuangdao, the development has more than doubled its 2016 size. Although the now 16-story blocks are stacked just two high, the scale is still huge and the terraced forms stand out among the typical residential slabs and towers that surround the development.

“不断发展的中国城市对高品质多户住宅的需求，使我们能将‘栖息地67’的设计理念应用于更大的城市密度之中。通过消解其巨型规模，秦皇岛海碧台被打造为高密度人居的典范，在提供超越典型高层综合体环境设施的同时，却并未牺牲其结构效率和人性关怀。”

——摩西·萨夫迪

“The demand for quality multi-family housing in China's growing cities has allowed us to apply the principles that informed Habitat '67 at a greater density. By breaking down the mega- scale, Habitat Qinhuangdao is a model for high- density housing where the amenities surpass that of the typical high-rise complex without sacrificing the structure's efficiency or humanity.”

——Moshe Safdie

连接住宅模块的天桥，已成为萨夫迪建筑事务所在许多新住宅项目中常用的设计元素，且这一元素在东亚的应用比在欧洲和北美更为成功。

海碧台的天桥位于第18层和第33层。下层天桥采用桁架结构，使上部的住宅模块能够横跨在下部模块之上，从而形成巨大的“城市之窗”。这使得整个项目在面向海滩的一侧保持通透，而非在陆地与水域之间形成一道密不透风的屏障。

天桥内部和顶部设有游泳池、花园及其他社区空间，模块之间的地面区域则设有社区公园。得益于模块与模块错落层叠的设计，这些公园——就和每个住宅单元一样——都能够享受到充足的阳光。

Linking the residential blocks are an element that is used in many of Safdie Architects' new Habitats, and has found more success in East Asian than European and North American contexts: skybridges, found at the 18th and 33rd floors.

The lower skybridges are visible as trusses that allow the upper residential blocks to straddle the lower blocks, in turn forming large “urban windows” that mean the overall development is porous toward the beach, rather than a massive boundary between land and water. Within and atop the skybridges are pools, gardens, and other community spaces, while parks for the residents sit between the blocks at ground level.

Thanks to the cascading form of the blocks, the parks — like every residential unit within the blocks — receive plenty of sunlight.