《海洋预报》| 1984—2023年华南三省（区）近岸海域赤潮时空特征研究

摘要：自然资源部南海预报减灾中心, 广东广州 510310;2. 广东省生态气象中心, 广东广州 510640

1984—2023年华南三省（区）近岸海域赤潮时空特征研究

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单位：

1. 自然资源部南海预报减灾中心, 广东广州 510310;2. 广东省生态气象中心, 广东广州 510640

分类号：X55

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2025·42·第二期（68-75）

摘要：收集华南三省（区）近岸海域1984—2023年的赤潮发生记录，利用地理信息系统（GIS）技术分析该海域赤潮的时空分布特征。结果表明：华南三省（区）近岸海域赤潮发生次数整体呈现上升趋势，年累计面积波动大；一年四季均有发生，春季是高发季节，高发月份为1—5月，其中4月发生次数最多；多以小型赤潮为主，约92%的赤潮发生在广东近岸海域，主要分布在珠江口、大鹏湾、湛江、大亚湾、汕尾、潮汕等内湾海域；夜光藻为华南三省（区）近岸海域第一优势藻种，主要发生在春、秋、冬三季的大鹏湾海域，发生频次排前四的优势藻种为夜光藻、球形棕囊藻、红色赤潮藻和中肋骨条藻。

关键词：钦江河口盐水入侵 MIKE 3 盐度分布特征

Abstract：The records of historical red tide in coastal regions of three provinces (regions) of South China from 1984 to 2023 are collected to analyze their spatiotemporal characteristics using geographic information system (GIS) technology. The results show that the frequency of red tide events exhibits an overall upward trend, while the annual cumulative area fluctuates significantly. Red tides occur in all seasons, with high occurrence probability in the season of spring (January to May) and in the month of April. Most of the red tide events are small in size and approximately 92% of them occur in the Guangdong coastal seas, such as the Pearl River Estuary, Mirs Bay, Zhanjiang, Daya Bay, Shanwei, Chaoshan and other inner bays. Noctiluca scintillans is the first dominant algae species in the South China Sea coastal waters, mainly existing in the waters of Mirs Bay in spring, autumn and winter. The four most frequently observed dominant algal species are Noctiluca scintillans, Phaeocystis globosa, Akashiwo sanguinea and Skeletonema costatum.

Key words：red tide; spatiotemporal distribution characteristics; coastal regions of three provinces (regions) of South China