摘要:原级:即形容词和副词的原形,用于描述事物的基本特征,不进行比较。例如:“She is tall.”(她很高。) ,“He runs fast.”(他跑得快。)
形容词和副词比较级和最高级用法详解
一、形容词和副词的等级
1. 原级:即形容词和副词的原形,用于描述事物的基本特征,不进行比较。例如:“She is tall.”(她很高。) ,“He runs fast.”(他跑得快。)
2. 比较级:表示两者之间的比较,意思是“更……” 。 例如:“She is taller than her sister.”(她比她姐姐高。) ,“He runs faster than his friend.”(他跑得比他朋友快。)
3. 最高级:用于三者或三者以上的比较,表示“最……” 。例如:“She is the tallest in her class.”(她是班上最高的。) ,“He runs the fastest in the race.”(他在比赛中跑得最快。)
二、比较级和最高级的构成
1. 规则变化
- 单音节词和部分双音节词
- 一般在词尾加 -er 构成比较级,加 -est 构成最高级。例如:
- small(小的) - smaller - smallest
- short(短的) - shorter - shortest
- 以不发音的字母 e 结尾的词,加 -r 构成比较级,加 -st 构成最高级。例如:
- nice(好的) - nicer - nicest
- large(大的) - larger - largest
- 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的词,先把 y 改为 i ,再加 -er 构成比较级,加 -est 构成最高级。例如:
- happy(开心的) - happier - happiest
- busy(忙碌的) - busier - busiest
- 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写词尾的辅音字母,再加 -er 构成比较级,加 -est 构成最高级。例如:
- big(大的) - bigger - biggest
- hot(热的) - hotter - hottest
- 多音节词和部分双音节词
- 在词前加 more 构成比较级,加 most 构成最高级。例如:
- beautiful(美丽的) - more beautiful - most beautiful
- important(重要的) - more important - most important
- slowly(慢地) - more slowly - most slowly
2. 不规则变化
- good / well(好的 / 好地) - better - best
- bad / badly(坏的 / 坏地) - worse - worst
- many / much(许多) - more - most
- little(少的) - less - least
- far(远的) - farther / further - farthest / furthest
三、比较级的用法及例句
1. “A + be + 形容词比较级 + than + B”:表示“A比B更……” ,用于两者之间的比较。
- My room is cleaner than yours.(我的房间比你的更干净。)
- This book is more interesting than that one.(这本书比那本书更有趣。)
- He is stronger than his brother.(他比他哥哥更强壮。)
- The weather today is warmer than yesterday.(今天的天气比昨天更暖和。)
- Her dress is more beautiful than mine.(她的裙子比我的更漂亮。)
2. “比较级 + and + 比较级”:表示“越来越……” 。
- It's getting darker and darker.(天越来越黑了。)
- Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.(我们的国家越来越强大。)
- The girl is growing taller and taller.(这个女孩长得越来越高。)
- He runs faster and faster.(他跑得越来越快。)
- The wind is blowing harder and harder.(风刮得越来越大。)
3. “the + 比较级……,the + 比较级”:表示“越……,越……” 。
- The more you read, the more knowledge you will get.(你读得越多,获得的知识就越多。)
- The earlier you get up, the better you will feel.(你起床越早,感觉就越好。)
- The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.(你工作越努力,取得的进步就越大。)
- The more exercise you take, the healthier you will be.(你锻炼得越多,就会越健康。)
- The busier he is, the happier he feels.(他越忙,感觉就越开心。)
4. 在含有or的选择疑问句中,如果有两者供选择,前面的形容词要用比较级形式。
- Which is bigger, the apple or the orange?(苹果和橙子,哪个更大?)
- Who is younger, Tom or Jack?(汤姆和杰克,谁更年轻?)
- Which book is more difficult, this one or that one?(这本书和那本书,哪本更难?)
- Which city is more beautiful, Beijing or Shanghai?(北京和上海,哪个城市更漂亮?)
- Which animal runs faster, the horse or the deer?(马和鹿,哪种动物跑得更快?)
四、最高级的用法及例句
1. “the + 形容词最高级 + 比较范围”:表示“在……中最……” ,用于三者或三者以上的比较。比较范围常用 in 或 of 短语表示。
- She is the tallest girl in her class.(她是班上最高的女孩。)
- This is the most delicious food in the restaurant.(这是这家餐厅里最美味的食物。)
- He is the cleverest student of all.(他是所有学生中最聪明的。)
- The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.(黄河是中国第二长河。)
- That is the most expensive car in the shop.(那是店里最贵的车。)
2. “one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”:表示“最……之一” 。
- Beijing is one of the most beautiful cities in the world.(北京是世界上最美丽的城市之一。)
- Tom is one of the tallest boys in our school.(汤姆是我们学校最高的男孩之一。)
- This is one of the most interesting stories I have ever heard.(这是我听过的最有趣的故事之一。)
- She is one of the most popular singers in China.(她是中国最受欢迎的歌手之一。)
- Apple is one of the most famous brands in the world.(苹果是世界上最著名的品牌之一。)
五、副词比较级和最高级的用法及例句
1. 副词比较级的用法与形容词比较级类似
- “A + 行为动词 + 副词比较级 + than + B”:表示“A比B做某事更……” 。
- He runs faster than his classmate.(他跑得比他同学快。)
- She dances more gracefully than her sister.(她跳舞比她姐姐更优雅。)
- Tom studies harder than his brother.(汤姆学习比他哥哥更努力。)
- My father drives more carefully than my mother.(我爸爸开车比我妈妈更小心。)
- The boy plays basketball better than his friend.(这个男孩打篮球比他朋友打得好。)
- “副词比较级 + and + 副词比较级”:表示“越来越……” 。
- The plane flies higher and higher.(飞机飞得越来越高。)
- She is speaking more and more fluently.(她讲话越来越流利。)
- The car runs faster and faster.(汽车跑得越来越快。)
- He is getting up earlier and earlier.(他起床越来越早。)
- The rain is falling harder and harder.(雨下得越来越大。)
- “the + 副词比较级……,the + 副词比较级”:表示“越……,就越……” 。
- The more carefully you do your homework, the fewer mistakes you will make.(你做作业越仔细,犯的错误就越少。)
- The faster you run, the sooner you will reach the finish line.(你跑得越快,就越早到达终点线。)
- The more often you practice, the better you will play the piano.(你练习得越频繁,钢琴就弹得越好。)
- The more loudly you speak, the more clearly others can hear you.(你说话声音越大,别人就听得越清楚。)
- The harder he works, the more successfully he will be.(他工作越努力,就会越成功。)
2. 副词最高级的用法:“A + 行为动词 + (the)+ 副词最高级 + 表示范围的of或in短语”,意为“在……中最……” ,副词最高级前的 the 可以省略。
- Of all the students, he runs (the) fastest.(在所有学生中,他跑得最快。)
- She sings (the) most beautifully in our class.(她在我们班唱歌最动听。)
- He gets up (the) earliest in his family.(他在他家起床最早。)
- Among the players, he plays basketball (the) best.(在这些运动员中,他篮球打得最好。)
- In the competition, she dances (the) most gracefully.(在比赛中,她跳舞最优雅。)
来源:蒙古元素