越览（103）——精读期刊论文的4警局项目（2）

摘要：This post will introduce the Police station project (2) of the journal article "Improving emergency responsiveness with management

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今天小编为大家带来“越览（103）——精读期刊论文

《Improving emergency responsiveness with

management science》的4警局项目（2）”。

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Today, the editor brings you the

＂Yue Lan (103)：Intensive reading of the journal article＇Improving emergency responsiveness with

management science: 4 Police station project (2)＇＂.

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一、内容摘要（Summary of content）

本期推文将从思维导图、精读内容、知识补充三个方面介绍期刊论文《Improving emergency responsiveness with management science》的警局项目（2）。

This post will introduce the Police station project (2) of the journal article "Improving emergency responsiveness with management science" from three aspects: mind mapping, intensive reading content, and knowledge supplement.

二、思维导图（Mind mapping）

三、精读内容（Intensive reading content）

第四节后半部分讲述了 RAND 分析团队在与纽约警察局 (NYPD) 合作初期遇到的挑战和成果。最初，团队提出“第四巡逻班”的方案，试图解决警察巡逻车排班与每日警务需求高峰错配的问题。然而，尽管纽约市市长办公室对这一方案表示支持，纽约警察局并未采纳该建议，导致相关改革停滞不前。

The second half of the fourth section describes the challenges and achievements of the RAND analysis team in its early collaboration with the New York Police Department (NYPD). Initially, the team proposed a "Fourth Patrol Shift" solution to try to solve the problem of mismatching police patrol car schedules with daily police demand peaks. However, despite the support of the New York City Mayor's Office, the NYPD did not adopt the proposal, causing the relevant reforms to stagnate.

在初期合作失败后，RAND 的警务研究一度中断，由于纽约警察局停止资助，该项目只能依靠住房与城市发展部 (HUD) 的有限支持勉强维持。直到 1974 年，RAND 决定重新启动警务项目，将多位研究人员重新分配至团队，希望借助他们在消防项目中的经验为警察部门提供新的帮助。

After the failure of the initial collaboration, RAND's police research was interrupted for a while. As the New York Police Department stopped funding, the project could only survive with limited support from the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). It was not until 1974 that RAND decided to restart the police project and reassigned several researchers to the team, hoping to use their experience in the fire project to provide new help to the police department.

接着，团队重新审视了警察巡逻车数量与紧急服务需求之间的不匹配问题，并使用优化和排队理论提出了一系列更具灵活性的人员配置方案，取代了此前未被采纳的“第四巡逻班”概念。然而，这些新方案同样未能被 NYPD 高层管理层认真考虑，并在警察工会成功的法院挑战后被正式放弃。尽管如此，警察巡逻车配置不匹配的程度得到了前所未有的记录，“第四巡逻班”在较小规模和志愿者基础上得以重新实施。

The team then re-examined the mismatch between the number of police cruisers and the need for emergency services, and used optimization and queuing theory to propose a series of more flexible staffing options to replace the previously rejected "Fourth Patrol" concept. However, these new options were also not seriously considered by NYPD senior management and were officially abandoned after a successful court challenge by the police union. Nevertheless, the extent of the mismatch in police cruiser allocation was documented as never before, and "Fourth Patrol" was re-implemented on a smaller scale and volunteer basis.

RAND 团队开发的最成功的警力部署模型是巡逻车分配模型，这是一个基于排队理论的优化模型，用于高效地决定如何在纽约市的70多个警察指挥部和三个班次之间分配巡逻车和警员。该模型在1970年代财务危机中发挥了重要作用，并通过住房与城市发展部的支持，广泛传播到其他城市。尽管没有直接应用于警察项目，超立方体模型也获得了部分资助，并在后来的研究中用于纽约警察局的旅行时间研究和多个城市的救护车和警车部署。

The most successful police deployment model developed by the RAND team is the Patrol Car Allocation Model, an optimization model based on queuing theory that is used to efficiently determine how to allocate patrol cars and officers between more than 70 police headquarters and three shifts in New York City. The model played an important role in the financial crisis of the 1970s and was widely disseminated to other cities through support from the Department of Housing and Urban Development. Although not directly applied to the police project, the Hypercube Model was also partially funded and used in subsequent research for travel time studies of the New York Police Department and the deployment of ambulances and police cars in multiple cities.

四、知识补充（Knowledge supplement）

超立方体模型是一种用于优化多维资源分配和调度问题的数学模型，尤其适用于在多个服务设施之间进行资源配置时，如警察车队、救护车、消防车等应急服务的部署。该模型基于排队理论和优化技术，旨在解决如何在不同时间和空间条件下，最有效地分配有限资源以应对需求变化的问题。

The hypercube model is a mathematical model used to optimize multidimensional resource allocation and scheduling problems, especially when allocating resources between multiple service facilities, such as the deployment of emergency services such as police fleets, ambulances, and fire trucks. The model is based on queuing theory and optimization techniques, and aims to solve the problem of how to most effectively allocate limited resources to cope with demand changes under different time and space conditions.

在超立方体模型中，"超立方体"指的是在多维空间中，描述不同服务需求和资源配置的一个复杂结构。通过模拟和分析多个维度（如地理位置、时间、资源种类、服务需求等）之间的相互作用，超立方体模型可以帮助决策者优化资源的分配和调度，从而提高服务效率并减少响应时间。

In the hypercube model, "hypercube" refers to a complex structure that describes different service requirements and resource configurations in a multidimensional space. By simulating and analyzing the interactions between multiple dimensions (such as geographic location, time, resource type, service requirements, etc.), the hypercube model can help decision makers optimize resource allocation and scheduling, thereby improving service efficiency and reducing response time.

该模型广泛应用于城市管理中的紧急服务部署，例如警察、消防和医疗服务等，能够为决策者提供合理的资源分配策略，并在动态变化的环境下保持高效运作。

This model is widely used in the deployment of emergency services in urban management, such as police, fire and medical services. It can provide decision makers with reasonable resource allocation strategies and maintain efficient operations in a dynamically changing environment.

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