摘要：Jane Jacobs spent her working life advancing a distinct vision of the city – in particular focusing on what makes a successful urb

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Jane Jacobs spent her working life advancing a distinct vision of the city – in particular focusing on what makes a successful urban community. At the heartof her vision is theidea that urban life should be an energetic and rich affair, whereby people are able to interact with one another in dense (稠密) and exciting urban environments. She prefers disorder to order,walking to driving, and diversity to uniformity.

For Jacobs, urban communities are organic beings that should be left to grow and change by themselves and not be subject to the grand plans of so-called experts and officials. The best judges of how a city should be – and how it should develop – are the local residents themselves. Jacobs argues that urban communities are best placed to understand how their city functions, because city life is created and sustained through their various interactions.

Jacobs notes that the built form of a city is crucial to the life of an urban community, especially the sidewalks. The streets in which people live should be a tight pattern of crossed sidewalks, which allow people to meet, talk, and get to know one another. Such a complex but ultimately enriching set of encounters helps individuals know their neighbours and neighbourhood better.

Diversity and mixed-use of space are also, for Jacobs, key elements of this urban form.The commercial, business, and residential elements of a city should not be separated out but instead be side by side, to allow for greater integration of people. There should also be a diversity of old and new buildings, and people's interactions should determine how buildings get used and reused.

Finally, urban communities grow better in places where a critical mass of people live, work, and interact. Such high-density spaces are, she feels, engines of creativity and vitality.They are also safe places to be, because the higher density means that there are more “eyes on the street”: shopkeepers and locals who know their area and maintain a close watch over the neighbourhood.

28. What does Jacobs find most important for a successful urban community?

A.Efficient public transport.

B. Strong interaction between people.

C. Uniform style of buildings.

D. A comparatively large population.

29. Who does Jacobs think should make decisions on urban development?

A. Local residents.

B. Government officials.

C. City planners.

D. Construction workers.

30. How does Jacobs suggest sidewalks be built?

A. Lined with plants.

B. Painted with clear signs.

C. Tightly connected.

D. Convenient for the old.

31.According to Jacobs, the “eyes on the street” bring a sense of.

A. prideB. comfort

C. securityD. urgency

参考答案：BACC

文章主旨：

本文是一篇说明文，介绍了雅各布斯对未来成功城市社区的设想，她认为社区的设计应该是一个增进人们互相接触与交流、彼此互动的地方。

答案详解：

28. B。事实细节题。题干含义What does Jacobs find most important for a successful urban community?雅各布斯认为一个成功的城市社区最重要的是什么？

根据第一段第二句At the heartof her vision is theidea that urban life should be an energetic and rich affair, whereby people are able to interact with one another in dense (稠密) and exciting urban environments. 她的愿景的核心是，城市生活应该是充满活力和丰富的，人们可以在密稠和令人兴奋的城市环境中相互交流。B. Strong interaction between people.人与人之间强烈的互动。符合题意，因此应选B。

其它选项含义：A.Efficient public transport.高效的公共交通。C. Uniform style of buildings.建筑风格统一。D. A comparatively large population.人口相对较多。

29. A。事实细节题。题干含义Who does Jacobs think should make decisions on urban development?雅各布斯认为谁应该对城市发展做出决定？

根据第二段第二句The best judges of how a city should be — and how it should develop — are the local residents themselves.一个城市应该是什么样子——以及它应该如何发展——最好的评判者是当地居民自己。A. Local residents.当地居民。符合题意，因此应选A。其它选项含义：B. Government officials.政府官员C. City planners.城市规划者D. Construction workers.建筑工人

30. C。推理判断题。题干含义 How does Jacobs suggest sidewalks be built?雅各布斯建议如何修建人行道？

根据第三段第二句The streets in which people live should be a tight pattern of crossed sidewalks, which allow people to meet, talk, and get to know one another.人们居住的街道应该是交叉的人行道，这样人们就可以见面、交谈和相互了解。C. Tightly connected.紧密相连，符合题意，因此应选C。

其它选项含义：A. Lined with plants.两旁种满了植物 B. Painted with clear signs.画着清晰的标志。D. Convenient for the old.方便老人。

31. C。推理判断题。题干含义According to Jacobs, the “eyes on the street” bring a sense of根据雅各布斯的说法，“街上的眼睛”带来一种...感觉。根据最后一段最后一句They are also safe places to be, because the higher density means that there are more “eyes on the street”: shopkeepers and locals who know their area and maintain a close watch over the neighbourhood. 这些地方也很安全，因为人口密度大意味着“街头的眼睛”更多：店主和当地居民熟悉自己的区域，对周边环境密切关注。C. security安全，安全感，符合题意，因此应选C。

其它选项含义：A. pride自豪（感），自尊（心）B. comfort舒服，舒适D. urgency紧急，迫切。

参考译文：

简·雅各布斯一生致力于推进一种独特的城市愿景，尤其关注是什么造就了一个成功的城市社区。她认为城市生活应当充满活力且丰富多彩，人们能够在密集且令人兴奋的城市环境中相互交流。她更倾向于无序而非有序，步行而非驾车，多样而非统一。

在雅各布斯看来，城市社区是有机体，应当任其自行发展变化，而不应受所谓专家和官员宏大规划的束缚。对于一座城市应当如何发展，最好的评判者是当地居民自己。雅各布斯认为，城市社区最能理解其所在城市如何运作，因为城市生活正是通过居民间的各种互动而形成和维系的。

雅各布斯指出，城市的建筑形态对城市社区的生活至关重要，尤其是人行道。人们居住的街道应当是纵横交错的人行道构成的紧密格局，这样人们才能相遇、交谈并相互了解。这样一系列复杂但最终丰富了个人经历的相遇，有助于人们更好地了解自己的邻居和社区。

对于雅各布斯来说，多样性和空间的混合使用也是这种城市形态的关键要素。城市的商业、商务和住宅部分不应被分隔开，而应相邻而建，以促进人们更紧密的融合。还应有新旧建筑的多样性，人们的互动应决定建筑的使用和再利用方式。

最后，城市社区在人口密集、工作和互动频繁的地方发展得更好。她认为，这种高密度的空间是创造力和活力的引擎。它们也是安全的地方，因为人口密度高意味着有更多“街头的眼睛”：店主和当地人熟悉自己的区域，并密切留意着社区的情况。

来源：营口口偶雨