摘要：肠道微生物群在神经系统疾病中起着重要作用。在脊髓损伤中，患者常出现肠道功能障碍和菌群失调，菌群变化可破坏肠道屏障，引发神经源性炎症，影响恢复；其失调可能由自主神经功能异常、抗生素治疗等引起，且菌群及代谢物可作用于中枢神经元影响恢复，相关细胞因子和信号通路参与其
肠道微生物群在神经系统疾病中起着重要作用。在脊髓损伤中，患者常出现肠道功能障碍和菌群失调，菌群变化可破坏肠道屏障，引发神经源性炎症，影响恢复；其失调可能由自主神经功能异常、抗生素治疗等引起，且菌群及代谢物可作用于中枢神经元影响恢复，相关细胞因子和信号通路参与其中，调节菌群的治疗有神经保护作用。
对于多发性硬化而言，肠道菌群失调会引发系统性炎症等，影响免疫反应，而肠道菌群与免疫、神经系统等联系密切，进一步研究肠道菌群有助于开发更有效疗法。
在创伤性脑损伤时，肠道微生物群变化影响中枢和外周免疫细胞反应，其代谢物参与神经炎症调节，有望成为治疗干预途径。在神经退行性疾病中，菌群失调常伴随病理变化，通过多组学研究等揭示其与神经免疫、神经内分泌系统联系，以及相关生物标志物和治疗靶点。此外，饮食、益生元等干预可重塑菌群减轻症状。
为此，选择本刊学者2023-2024年发表的肠道微生物群在神经系统疾病中的作用研究热点综述文章5篇，推荐读者阅读。
(1) Dual-directional regulation of spinal cord injury and the gut microbiota
脊髓损伤与肠道微生物群的双向调控
Yinjie Cui 1, Jingyi Liu 2, Xiao Lei 3, Shuwen Liu 2, Haixia Chen 2, Zhijian Wei 4, Hongru Li 2, Yuan Yang 2, Chenguang Zheng 5, Zhongzheng Li 2
1 Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University; School of Medical Technology; Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
2 Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
3 International Cooperation and Exchange Office, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China, India.
4 International Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
5 Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
引用本文：
Cui Y, Liu J, Lei X, et al. Dual-directional regulation of spinal cord injury and the gut microbiota. Neural Regen Res. 2024;19(3):548-556.
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(2)Gut flora in multiple sclerosis: implications for pathogenesis and treatment
多发性硬化症中的肠道菌群：对发病机制和治疗的影响
Weiwei Zhang 1, Ying Wang 1, Mingqin Zhu 1, Kangding Liu 1, Hong-Liang Zhang 2
1 Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
2 Department of Life Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing, China.
引用本文：
Zhang W, Wang Y, Zhu M, et al. Gut flora in multiple sclerosis: implications for pathogenesis and treatment. Neural Regen Res. 2024;19(7):1480-1488.
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(3)Gut microbial regulation of innate and adaptive immunity after traumatic brain injury
创伤性脑损伤后肠道微生物对先天性和适应性免疫的调控
Marta Celorrio 1, Kirill Shumilov 1, Stuart H Friess 1
1 Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
引用本文：
Celorrio M, Shumilov K, Friess SH. Gut microbial regulation of innate and adaptive immunity after traumatic brain injury. Neural Regen Res. 2024;19(2):272-276.
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(4)Correlation between the gut microbiome and neurodegenerative diseases: a review of metagenomics evidence
肠道微生物组与神经退行性疾病的相关性：元基因组学证据综述
Xiaoyan Liu 1, Yi Liu 2, Junlin Liu 1, Hantao Zhang 1, Chaofan Shan 1, Yinglu Guo 1, Xun Gong 3, Mengmeng Cui 4, Xiubin Li 4, Min Tang 1
1 School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China.
2 School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; Institute of Animal Husbandry, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
3 Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China.
4 Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong Province, China.
引用本文：
Liu X, Liu Y, Liu J, et al. Correlation between the gut microbiome and neurodegenerative diseases: a review of metagenomics evidence. Neural Regen Res. 2024;19(4):833-845.
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(5)CDP-choline to promote remyelination in multiple sclerosis: the need for a clinical trial肠道-微生物群-大脑轴：帕金森病中迷走神经、α-突触核蛋白和大脑之间的串联关系
Viktoria Gudi 1, Paweł Grieb 2, Ralf A Linker 3, Thomas Skripuletz 1
1 Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
2 Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
3 Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
引用本文：
Gudi V, Grieb P, Linker RA, et al. CDP-choline to promote remyelination in multiple sclerosis: the need for a clinical trial. Neural Regen Res. 2023;18(12):2599-2605.
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来源：中国神经再生研究杂志
