小一笔记（2）：物流系统现状调研概述

摘要：物流系统现状调研工作，是指在物流系统规划设计中对拟建物流系统的现状进行调查，并系统地收集、分类、整理分析和汇总有关规划与分析所必需的资料、数据和信息的活动。

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"Xiaoyi Notes (2): Overview of logistics System Status Study"

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物流系统现状调研工作，是指在物流系统规划设计中对拟建物流系统的现状进行调查，并系统地收集、分类、整理分析和汇总有关规划与分析所必需的资料、数据和信息的活动。

A current status survey of a Logistics system refers to the activity of investigating the current status of a proposed logistics system during the planning and design of the logistics system, and systematically collecting, classifying, organizing, analyzing, and summarizing the necessary materials, data, and information for planning and analysis.

（一）物流系统现状调研的主要内容

Main contents of the current status survey of the logistics system

物流系统现状调研工作是为物流系统规划方案设计工作提供服务的，它的内容必须根据规划设计目标、研究对象来确定。

The current status survey of the logistics system provides services for the logistics system planning scheme design, and its content must be determined according to the planning and design objectives and the research object.

对于社会物流系统，规划设计时要根据本地区的实际情况，立足于经济可持续发展，结合国家产业结构调整的方针和区域经济发展的战略，以及城市综合发展规划、交通总体规划等;科学地做好物流的整体发展规划，统筹兼顾、协调发展。

For social logistics systems, planning and design should be based on the actual situation of the region, based on sustainable economic development, combined with the national industrial structure adjustment policy and the regional economic development strategy, as well as urban comprehensive development plans, transportation master plans, etc.; scientifically do a good job in the overall development plan of logistics, taking into account the overall situation, coordinated development.

1.物流服务需求调研Logistics Service Demand Study

物流服务需求调研主要是调查特定范围内的物流需求结构和发展趋势，主要包括：①服务水平，如物流消费水平、物流消费观念、送货时间、物流服务费用、物流服务质量水平平等；②物流需求的空间分布，如现有的和潜在的客户分布等；③物流服务对象的特征，如货物的尺寸、重量和特殊的搬运需求等；④需求特征：如客户的订单特征、需求的季节性变化，需求发展趋势等；⑤需求规模，如需求量、OD流量（即从起点到终点的运输流）等；6需求的环境条件等。

Logistics service demand research mainly investigates the logistics demand structure and development trend within a specific scope, including: ① Service level, such as logistics consumption level, logistics consumption concept, delivery time, logistics service fees, logistics service quality level, etc.; ② Spatial distribution of logistics demand, such as the existing and potential customer distribution, etc.; ③ Characteristics of logistics service objects, such as the size, weight, and special handling requirements of goods; ④ Demand characteristics: such as customer order characteristics, seasonal changes in demand, and demand development trends; ⑤ Demand scale, such as demand quantity, OD flow (i.e., transportation flow from origin to destination), etc.; ⑥ Environmental conditions of demand, etc.

2.物流资源状况调研Research on the status of logistics resources

物流资源状况调研主要是掌握特定区域物流服务的提供能力、空间分布、结构分布、发展动向、发展趋势等，主要包括：①现有物流设施状况，如物流节点分布、规模、功能，交通网络，运输设备提供情况，仓储设备使用现状，信息系统运用情况等；②现有物流系统的运营状况，如物流服务企业组织管理体系、服务模式、营业状况、服务种类、作业方式、作业流程等；③限制现有物流资源发挥的制约因素。

The logistics resource status survey mainly aims to understand the logistics service provision capability, spatial distribution, structural distribution, development trends, and development tendencies of a specific region. It mainly includes: ① The status of existing logistics facilities, such as the distribution, scale, and functions of logistics nodes, transportation networks, transportation equipment provision, the current status of warehousing equipment use, and the application of information systems; ② The operational status of existing logistics systems, such as the organizational management system, service model, business status, service types, operation methods, and operation processes of logistics service enterprises; ③ Restrictive factors that limit the performance of existing logistics resources.

3.物流服务的竞争状况调研Research on the competitive situation of logistics services

调研工作主要是了解竞争对手的物流服务水平、服务方式、理赔情况、物流资源配置、网络布局、发展动向、市场占有率、优势与劣势等。

The research work mainly involves understanding competitors' logistics service level, service methods, claims settlement, logistics resource allocation, network layout, development trends, market share, strengths, and weaknesses.

4.社会经济发展状况调研Socio-economic development survey

社会经济发展状况调研主要调查和分析物流服务区域内社会经济发展状况，如国家的产业政策和区域经济发展规划、区域经济规模、产业构成、空间布局、区域物流的总体构成，还包括自然资源状况、社会资源状况、经济资源状况等。

A survey of socio-economic development conditions mainly investigates and analyzes the socio-economic development conditions within the logistics service area, such as national industrial policies and regional economic development plans, regional economic scale, industrial structure, spatial layout, and the overall composition of regional logistics, as well as natural resources, social resources, and economic resources.

5.物流技术状况调研Logistics Technology Survey

物流技术状况调研主要调查与分析目前物流市场上物流技术的使用情况，发展水平、技术结构、发展趋势，以及新技术的开发能力与开发情况。

The survey of logistics technology status mainly investigates and analyzes the usage, development level, technical structure, and development trend of logistics technology in the current logistics market, as well as the development capabilities and development status of new technologies.

（二）物流系统现状调研工作的程序

Procedures for researching the current state of the logistics system

为了保证整个调研工作有序、有效地进行，必须对整个工作流程进行科学管理，一般来说，调研工作要经历以下五个阶段。

To ensure that the entire research work is orderly and effective, the entire workflow must be scientifically managed. Generally speaking, research work goes through the following five stages.

1.确定问题和调研目标阶段Identification of issues and research objectives phase

在物流系统现状调研时，首先要界定清楚需要研究的问题，明确调研的目标。现状调研的问题与目标一般根据物流系统规划设计的总目标与规划设计要采用的具体方法、技术与模型来确定。不同规划设计的方法、技术与模型对基础资料内容要求都不尽相同，需要确定不同的调研目标。

When surveying the current state of a logistics system, the first step is to clearly define the issue to be studied and clarify the survey's objectives. The problems and objectives of the current state survey are generally determined based on the overall goals of the logistics system planning and design, and the specific methods, technologies, and models to be used in the planning and design. Different planning and design methods, technologies, and models have different requirements for the content of basic data, so it is necessary to determine different survey objectives.

2.制订调研计划阶段Formulation of the research plan stage

物流系统现状调研的第二个阶段是制订调研计划阶段，这个阶段的工作主要是在充分理解调研目标的基础上，经过规划设计人员共同讨论，形成调研计划。首先，明确调研范围、对象、具体内容；其次，设计调查大纲或调查表与调查问卷；最后，确定调查方法、调研进度、管理协调控制方式。

The second stage of a logistics system status survey is the development of a survey plan. The main task of this stage is to form a survey plan based on a thorough understanding of the survey objectives and through joint discussion by planning and design personnel. First, clarify the survey scope, objects, and specific content. Second, design a survey outline or survey form and a questionnaire. Finally, determine the survey methods, survey schedule, and management coordination and control methods.

3.收集原始资料与现状信息阶段Collecting raw data and current status information phase

接下来的工作就是收集信息，这是具体执行调研计划的过程，即按照调研计划的要求，具体开展对原始资料与现状信息的实际调查工作。这个阶段是整个调研过程中最花时间与精力的阶段，也是能否获得调研计划规定的数据资料、实现调研目标的关键。

The next step is to collect information, which is the process of specifically implementing the research plan. This involves carrying out the actual investigation of original data and current information in accordance with the requirements of the research plan. This stage is the most time-consuming and energy-intensive part of the entire research process and is crucial for obtaining the data specified in the research plan and achieving the research goals.

4.分析原始资料与现状信息阶段. Stage of analyzing raw and current information

原始资料与现状信息收集上来以后，就要对其进行检查、确认、分类整理，保证原始资料与现状信息的完整性、真实性和可靠性，并进一步对原始资料与现状信息进行统计分析，以得到规划设计所需要的决策数据与信息，形成调研成果。

After collecting the raw data and current status information, it is necessary to inspect, verify, classify, and organize them to ensure their completeness, authenticity, and reliability. Furthermore, statistical analysis of the raw data and current status information should be conducted to obtain the decision-making data and information required for planning and design, thus forming the research findings.

5.提交现状调研报告阶段Submit a current situation research report stage

现状调研工作的最后阶段是提交现状调研报告。现状调研报告要全面系统地总结整个调研工作的过程，充分分析与说明调研成果，总结调研工作的经验和教训，提出调研结论和建议方案。

The final stage of the current situation survey is to submit the current situation survey report. The current situation survey report should comprehensively and systematically summarize the entire survey process, fully analyze and explain the survey results, summarize the experiences and lessons learned from the survey work, and propose survey conclusions and recommended solutions.

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参考资料：物流系统规划与设计（第三版），李浩、刘桂云编著

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小S笔记（1）：物流系统规划与设计概述Ⅴ